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Congo

Ebola-Zaire

Ebola-Sudan

Sudanese?

Disaster movies often portrait catastrophes that destroy, or at least threaten to destroy earth's entire population. In fact, a virus emerged in the 1970s that could've been just that fatal. Names after a river that passes through the Congo, the Ebola virus originally manifested itself in the interior of Africa in 1976. Two strains of the disease were almost identical symptoms affected humans, Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Sudan. The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50% of those it infected. However, Zaire with its 90% mortality rate was even worse. The origins, though not the cause of Ebola-Sudan can be traced back to a single individual in a Sudanese town. Ebola-Zaire seemed to erupt in over 50 villages simultaneously. Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals when needle sharing and other unhealthy practices ensure the rapid spreading of the infection by bring people into contact with contaminated body fluids. If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center, Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic. However, soon after these fierce outbreaks, the virus died out, at least temporarily. Ebola was so deadly and killed so quickly that within a short period of time, there was no one around to infect. Hospital workers in at least one case deserted their workplace in panic thus halting the administering of potentially unclean disease spreading injections, but Ebola has not disappeared with no known vaccination or cure available. It seems only a matter of time until another epidemic erupts.
災(zāi)難電影里通常都會(huì)描述一場(chǎng)毀滅全球人類(lèi),或者至少是會(huì)威脅到全球人類(lèi)的大劫難。實(shí)際上,1970年發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種病毒就有這種致命威脅。 埃博拉病毒得名于一條貫穿剛果的河流,該病毒1976年自行出現(xiàn)于非洲內(nèi)陸。病毒有兩個(gè)種,“埃博拉-扎伊爾(Ebola-Zaire)”和“埃博拉-蘇丹(Ebola-Sudan)”,其在人類(lèi)身上的感染癥狀幾乎是一樣的。蘇丹種已經(jīng)很致命了,感染者的死亡率達(dá)50%,但扎伊爾更加可怕,致死率高達(dá)90%。蘇丹種的初始起源(盡管不是其出現(xiàn)的原因)可以追溯到一個(gè)蘇丹人城鎮(zhèn)的居民身上。埃博拉-扎伊爾卻好像是同時(shí)在50個(gè)村子里突然出現(xiàn)的。由于針頭混用等不健康的操作導(dǎo)致受感染者的體液迅速與他人接觸并得以傳播,兩種病毒都在極短的時(shí)間內(nèi)充斥當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院。 如果這種病毒能夠通過(guò)空氣傳播,或者一個(gè)染病的人悄無(wú)聲息地進(jìn)入了一個(gè)人口密集區(qū),埃博拉病毒就完全可能成為一種全球范圍的傳染病。然后,在這次來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶的爆發(fā)式傳播之后不久,埃博拉病毒就銷(xiāo)聲匿跡了,至少暫時(shí)是如此。它致死性太強(qiáng),致死速度也太快,導(dǎo)致用不了多久,其周邊范圍內(nèi)就沒(méi)有能染上病的活人了。 至少有一個(gè)案例中,醫(yī)護(hù)人員在恐慌之下逃離了他們的工作崗位,這反而有助于管理那些可能導(dǎo)致疾病傳播的不衛(wèi)生的注射行為。不過(guò),埃博拉病毒并沒(méi)有消失,我們還沒(méi)有發(fā)明針對(duì)它的疫苗或可行的治療方法??雌饋?lái),另一次的傳染病爆發(fā)也只不過(guò)是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。 ——譯文來(lái)自: aotqvst