Lesson Five

Section A The Battle Against AIDS

I. PURPOSE

Through a series of class activities and practices, present students with more chances to learn:

1. language points and information provided in the text;

2. what we can do to protect ourselves, our families, our friends and neighbours;

3. a general statement supported by a problem-solution pattern writing.

to achieve better comprehensive of the text and express their own opinion.

II. FOCUSES:

1. the lessons from the battle against AIDS.

2. Fighting against AIDS entails everyone’s involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live.

IV PROCEDURE

1.Background Information

1.AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is a disease which destroys the natural method the body uses to protect against other diseases. It is a disease caused by the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), but AIDS is different from HIV in that the former usually causes death while HIV may lead to AIDS. HIV is spread in three ways: (1) contact with infected blood; (2) sex; (3) mother-to-child. AIDS usually develops in four stages: (1) In the first stage, there is only infection by HIV and antibody (抗體) production. (2) In the second stage, the lymph nodes (淋巴結(jié)) enlarge (腫大). (3) In the third stage, an infected person may begin to have such signs (癥狀) as tiredness, fever, and night sweats. (4) In the last stage, AIDS is diagnosed when a person develops certain uncommon, life-threatening illnesses, for example Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(卡氏肺囊蟲肺炎 ). In-depth coverage on AIDS and HIV can be found fromHealth/AIDS__HIV

2. Latino (pl. Latinos)

Latino (pl. Latinos) is the name given to Hispanic American citizens in the United States who share the Spanish language in common but may be from different races or religions and different Spanish speaking countries. Latinos are the fastest growing group in the U.S. and expected to more than double in size by 2020. For a comprehensive list of latino resources on the internet, you can check out the webpage at

3. HIV

HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. This is the virus that spreads through contact with infected blood, infected sexual partners or within the womb of an infected pregnant mother. After infecting a person, HIV can remain hidden in the body for long and different periods of time until it becomes active and develops into AIDS for which no known cure exists. The virus spreads very fast once contact has been made with an infected source. In-depth coverage on AIDS and HIV can be found from Health/AIDS___HIV

4. the federal government

The federal government in the United States is a national republic whose members are elected to hold office for a limited period of time by citizens over 18 years of age. This republic has an elected president who is head of the nation as well as head of the federal or national government. For introduction to the U. S. government, please visit

5. a state government

A state government is the political structure that includes an area of land, citizens, and an elected governing body with the right to control and change all powers within the state that are not given by constitution to the federal government. Fifty state governments exist in the United States.

6. a beauty shop

A beauty shop is a business place where women go "to have their hair done," i.e., washed, curled, coloured, etc., or their fingernails or skin treated. The shop sells the 'thought' of beauty. A client should feel/look more beautiful after a visit to the beauty shop. Women who use such shops often have weekly appointments.

2. Introductory Questions:

The following questions are designed to check how well the students

are prepared for the lesson and also to help them to obtain a general idea of the text.

1).How many American people have been killed in the past few years?

2). According to the passage, who are the ones most the likely to be infected with AIDS?

3). What are the reasons why some local organizations emerged?

4). What is the purpose of forming the South Carolina AIDS Education Network?

5). Why is it impossible to hand out AIDS literature and expect people to read it in some communities?

6). In what way can teenagers do much better than adults according to the passage?

7). What are the ways to combat AIDS discussed in the passage?

8). What should people do in order to win the war against AIDS?

3. New words and Language Points:

1). New words

acquire

by one's own work, skill, etc. 獲得;學(xué)到

He acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study.

他通過(guò)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)掌握了這門語(yǔ)言。

The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai.

這家公司最近在上海市中心買了一棟新的辦公樓。

immune

a.1. unable to be diseased or hurt because of special powers in oneself免疫的

HIV damages the human defense method which makes humans immune to diseases.

艾滋病毒破壞人體中抵御疾病侵襲的防御機(jī)制。

The medicine will make you immune to the disease.

這種藥可以使你免于感染這種疾病。

2. protected from免除的

The man was told that he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.

這個(gè)人得知如果他幫助警察，就可免受處罰。

These goods are not immune from customs duties. 這些商品不免稅。

deficiency

state of having none or not enough of不足，缺乏;缺點(diǎn),缺陷

The deficiencies in the plan are very clear and it can not succeed.

這個(gè)計(jì)劃的不足之處是顯而易見的，因而是不可能成功的。

The officer was quite worried about the deficiency in the supply of water.

這位軍官很擔(dān)心水供應(yīng)不足。

syndrome

n.a set of qualities, happenings, methods, etc., common to a general condition

(具有共同性的性質(zhì)，事件，癥狀等的)集合

The syndrome is likely to strike those whose immune ability is damaged.

那些免疫系統(tǒng)受到破壞的人身上可能出現(xiàn)這些癥狀。

The doctor diagnosed the patient's syndrome from the test results.

醫(yī)生是根據(jù)對(duì)病人的檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果做出診斷的。

diagnose

er the nature of (a disease) 診斷; 判斷

The doctor diagnosed my disease as a unique bone disease.

醫(yī)生把我的病診斷為罕見的骨骼疾病。

After diagnosing the patient's disease, these doctors discussed how to treat it.

醫(yī)生們經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)這個(gè)病人的病情診斷之后, 就討論如何治療的問(wèn)題。

infect

vt.1. put disease into the body of (someone) 感染

Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him.

得重感冒的人會(huì)使周圍的人受到感染。

He was shocked when he knew he was infected with the HIV virus.

當(dāng)他知道自己染上艾滋病毒時(shí)感到很震驚。

2. affect; influence 影響

He thought that parents might infect their children with their ideas.

他認(rèn)為家長(zhǎng)的觀念會(huì)影響孩子。

virus

n.a living thing which can cause a spreading disease in the body, in plants病毒

Nearly all the people infected with the AIDS virus will die.

he medicine is very effective in controlling the spread of the virus.

這種藥能有效地控制這種病毒的傳播。

rural

or like the countryside 農(nóng)村的

The old man prefers the rural life to the life in the city.

在農(nóng)村生活和城市生活之間，這位老人更喜歡前者。

People living in rural areas are likely to be more friendly than those living in the city.

生活在農(nóng)村的人或許比生活在城里的人更友好些。

constitute

up; form組成

Girls constitute 20 percent of the student population in the university.

女生占這所大學(xué)學(xué)生總數(shù)的百分之二十。

Twelve people constitute a research group.

12個(gè)人組成一個(gè)研究小組。

segment

of the parts into which something may be divided部分

The waiter gave me a dish of orange segments.

侍者給我送上一盤桔片。

Black people constitute the poorest segment of society in the country.

黑人是這個(gè)國(guó)家最窮的社會(huì)群體。

alarm

fear and worry; a warning of danger驚慌;警報(bào)

fear and worry; a warning of danger使驚慌，使擔(dān)心

Hearing a scream, she sat up in alarm. 聽到尖叫聲，她慌忙坐起來(lái)。

In his speech the worker emphasized the government's alarm over the strike.

這個(gè)工人在演講中強(qiáng)調(diào)了政府對(duì)這次罷工事件所表現(xiàn)出的慌恐。

cause sudden fear or worry使驚恐,使擔(dān)心

The news that war might break out alarmed the people. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)可能爆發(fā)的消息使人們驚恐不安。

implement

out or put into practice 實(shí)施，執(zhí)行

The group's idea will be implemented immediately. 這個(gè)小組的建議將很快得到實(shí)施。

The government promised to implement a new program to control pollution.

政府承諾要執(zhí)行新的計(jì)劃以控制污染。

emerge

or appear出現(xiàn)

The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太陽(yáng)從云層后面鉆了出來(lái)。

A man with a gun in his hand suddenly emerged from behind a tree.

一個(gè)手中持槍的男子突然從樹后出現(xiàn)。

client

n.1. a person who pays a business person, esp. a lawyer for help and advice當(dāng)事人

The lawyer spent a whole day talking with his client about the case.

律師就該案子與當(dāng)事人談了一天。

His client was a middle-aged man who lost his wife two months ago.

他的當(dāng)事人是一位兩個(gè)月前喪偶的男性。

2. a customer顧客

The company required its clients to pay their bills in advance.

這家公司要求顧客預(yù)先支付費(fèi)用。

The shop took some new measures to attract more clients.

這家商店采取一些新措施以吸引更多的顧客。

literacy

state of being able to read and/or write文化;識(shí)字

They were required to take part in the literacy movement. 他們被要求參加識(shí)字運(yùn)動(dòng)。

It is reported that the literacy rate is very low in the rural areas.

據(jù)報(bào)道這個(gè)地區(qū)的受教育率很低。

low-literacy n.低文化水平

illustrate

the meaning of (sth.) by giving related pictures or examples 說(shuō)明

His story illustrates her skill in dealing with the problem.

他所講的故事說(shuō)明了她處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題的技巧。

He illustrated his idea with many examples and pictures.

他用許多實(shí)例和圖片說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)。

relate

vt.1. tell (a story) 講述

We related our troubles to him, asking his advice.

我們向他講述我們的困難，征求他的意見。

She had no opportunity to relate the situation to him. 她沒有機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)他說(shuō)這些情況。

2. see or show a joining between將... ... 聯(lián)系起來(lái)

I can't relate the two ideas. 我不能把這兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

I can' relate what he does to what he says. 我不能把他說(shuō)的和他做的聯(lián)系起來(lái)

risk

n.a danger危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

The disease is spreading and all the children are at risk.

這種疾病正在蔓延，所有孩子都處于危險(xiǎn)之中。

You have to take a lot of risks in my job. 做我的工作，你要冒諸多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

in danger; take the chance of losing冒著... ... 的危險(xiǎn)

He would like to risk his life to save his friend. 他愿意冒生命危險(xiǎn)救自己的朋友。

establishment

n.1. a business or an organization機(jī)構(gòu),企業(yè)

The two hotels are both excellent establishments. 這兩家賓館都是優(yōu)秀企業(yè)。

The local government controlled all the printing establishments. 當(dāng)?shù)卣刂浦杏∷⑵髽I(yè)。

2. the act of setting up 建立,確立;確定

The group will work toward the establishment of schools for the poor.

這個(gè)團(tuán)體將致力于為窮人創(chuàng)辦學(xué)校。

crisis

of great danger or difficulty危機(jī)

The President had to quit his job for he wasn't able to deal with the crisis.

總統(tǒng)因?yàn)椴荒芴幚磉@起危機(jī)，只好辭職。

He has reached a crisis in his illness. 他的病情已十分危急。

represent

vt.1. show; be a sign of; stand for 表示, 表明

This painting represents a storm at sea. 這幅圖畫表現(xiàn)了大海起風(fēng)暴的情景。

The red lines on this map represent railway tracks. 地圖上的紅線代表鐵路。

2. act or speak officially for(another person or people) 作為... ...的代表(或代理)

The manager couldn't go to the meeting, so his secretary represented him.

經(jīng)理不能去開會(huì)，所以他的秘書代表他去。

2).Language Points

.1 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s. (Para.1)

Meaning: AIDS was discovered by doctors in the last few years of the 1970's.

diagnose: vt. decide what illness a person has; discover the nature (a disease) by making a careful examination

Note: To talk about a doctor's finding someone ill with a certain disease we often say "diagnose with."

Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos. (Para.2) 被診斷感染艾滋病病毒的人有一半是黑人和來(lái)自拉丁美洲的人。

Women will soon make up 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV. (Para.11) 婦女將占感染艾滋病病毒人口的80%。

But when we decide what illness a person has, we say "diagnose as."

The doctor diagnosed his condition as a stomach problem. 醫(yī)生診斷他得了胃病。

Please pay attention to the following time expressions:

in the late 1970s: 20世紀(jì)70年代末期

in the early 1970s: 20世紀(jì)70年代初期

in the middle 1970s: 20世紀(jì)70年代中期

2. Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS. (Para.2)

Meaning: The number of women and young people who are infected with AIDS is growing fastest in the countryside in the South.

constitute: vt. make up; form

Seven days constitute a week.一周有7天。

Twelve scientists constituted a research group to study air pollution.12位科學(xué)家組成一個(gè)研究小組研究空氣污染。

Real familiarity with a 3,000 word vocabulary constitutes a good base for further English language learning.

真正掌握了3000單詞，就具備了進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)。

segment: n. any of the parts into which something may be divided

The company controls this segment of the market. 這個(gè)公司控制了這部分市場(chǎng)。

3. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged. (Para.3)

Meaning: Because the government is not active in stopping the spread of AIDS, some local organizations have formed to help prevent its spread.

in place of: instead of

In place of a lecture we will be showing a film.我們不去作報(bào)告，而是放場(chǎng)電影。

John is to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has come down with a bad cold. 約翰代替經(jīng)理參加會(huì)議，因?yàn)榻?jīng)理患了重感冒

emerge: vi. come or appear; become known出現(xiàn)

Richard was waiting outside the door as Mary emerged.

瑪麗出現(xiàn)時(shí)，理查德正在門外等候。

Many ideas are likely to emerge after such an interesting finding.

在發(fā)現(xiàn)這一有趣的現(xiàn)象之后，許多想法都有可能出現(xiàn)。

Vietnam has emerged as the world's third biggest rice trader.

越南已成為世界第三大大米貿(mào)易國(guó)。

4.... this organization suffers from a lack of money, forcing it to use its resources creatively. (Para.4)

Meaning: ... this organization lacks money, and so it has to make use of its people, materials and ideas in a creative way.

suffer from: be badly influenced by

Within a few days, she has become seriously ill, suffering from great pain.只幾天時(shí)間，她的病情加重了，她被折磨得痛苦不堪。

He was diagnosed as suffering from AIDS. 他被診斷為染上了艾滋病。

resources: n. the materials, money or other things an organization or a family has and can use in order to function properly; the things a country has and can use to increase its wealth

Some families are so poor that they don't have enough resources to feed themselves.有些家庭很窮，不能養(yǎng)活自己。

The country is rich in oil resources but lacks money and technology to develop them. 這個(gè)國(guó)家有豐富的石油資源，但缺乏資金和技術(shù)開發(fā)這些資源。

5. These books use simple, hand-drawn pictures of "sad faces" and "happy faces" to illustrate ways people can prevent AIDS. (Para.9)

Meaning: Simple pictures of "sad faces" and "happy faces", drawn by hand, are used in these books to show how people can prevent AIDS.

illustrate: vt. add pictures to (sth. written); show the meaning of (sth.) by giving pictures or examples

The case illustrates that women can do much better than men in some fields. 這個(gè)事例說(shuō)明了婦女在某些領(lǐng)域可以比男性干得出色得多。

Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point.

我再舉個(gè)例子說(shuō)明這個(gè)難點(diǎn)。

6. Redefine "at risk" to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.(Para.11)

Meaning: Consider again the problem of "who is at risk for AIDS" in a new way,

as women from different backgrounds and marriage status should be included in the people who are at risk for AIDS.

redefine: vt. consider sth. in a new way

The scientist redefined the relations between population and economic affairs. 這位科學(xué)家重新說(shuō)明了人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)之間的關(guān)系。

The government was asked to redefine its program on birth control.

政府被要求重新考慮其人口控制計(jì)劃。

Please pay attention to the following expressions with "status":

marriage status 婚姻狀況

economic status 經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況

job status 就業(yè)情況

legal status 法律地位

7. The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves-regardless of marriage status.(Para.12)

Meaning: The stylists also showthat everyone is in danger of catching AIDS and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves-whether we are married or not.

emphasize: vt. stress sth. is very important

Robert emphasized the difference between the interests of the single person and those of the community.羅伯特強(qiáng)調(diào)了個(gè)人利益和社區(qū)利益的區(qū)別。

The official emphasized that his government would implement the program. 這位官員強(qiáng)調(diào)政府將執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。

regardless of : not consider or be influenced by

Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to obey his orders. 不管他是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，我們都得服從他的命令。

We decide to go out regardless of the weather.不管天氣如何，我們都決定出門。

8. We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done.(Para.14)

Meaning: We must not let cultural, racial or social barriers take our attention from the job that must be done.

barrier: n. sth. that makes it impossible or difficult for sth. else to happen

Taxes are the biggest barrier to free trade. 稅收是自由貿(mào)易的最大障礙。

There is no reason why love shouldn't cross the age barrier.認(rèn)為愛情不可以跨越年齡障礙的說(shuō)法是沒有道理的。

distract sb. from sth.: take one's attention from sth.

Don't let social activities distract you from your study.不要讓社會(huì)活動(dòng)影響你的學(xué)習(xí)。

The music soon distracted the boy from his homework.音樂聲很快使這個(gè)男孩分心了，以致不能專心做家庭作業(yè)。

9. We simply cannot let people continue to die because we don't feel comfortable talking about AIDS. (Para.14)

Meaning: We really cannot let people continue to die just because we are not happy to talk about AIDS.

feel comfortable doing/with sth.: feel happy about doing sth.

Do your feel comfortable with the plan? 你對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃滿意嗎?

3). Patterns:

(1) typical patterns for definition of sth.: Sb./Sth. is a(n)… that / who / which / prep. + which…(從句) 某人或某物是……

(2) typical patterns for comparison and contrast:

1) Despite / In spite of sth, sb / sth (else) is + adj. in doing … (或: Despite …, sb / sth still does sth else.)

盡管……, 某人 / 某物(仍做……) 在……方面……

2). In place of sth./sb, sth(else)/sb (else ) do/does … 與某物或某人相比, 另一物或另一人卻…

3) Sth. /Sb. has / does /is more… than… 某物或某人 比其他物或人更……

4). Main idea of the text and devices for developing it:

Main idea of the text ：

Despite the spread of AIDS, no cure for it and lack of government activity, some local organizations have been active and creative in the battle against the fatal disease.

Devices for developing it：

1. Problem-Solution-Evaluation問(wèn)題解決法

The Problem:

AIDS, diagnosed in the late 1970s, has killed more than 204,000 Americans, expecting another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus to die; and meanwhile,women and youth in rural Southern communities are making up the fastest segment of people with AIDS. Hit with the problems, however, American governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease.(Para. 1 - 3)

The Solution:

Numerous local organizations have set up and shared with each other some effective AIDS educational programs: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their peers; redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. (Para. 3-12)

The Evaluation:

These programs are not the only solutions to the crisis but, until there is a cure for AIDS, they are only safe measures against the virus.(Para. 13)

2. Deduction Organization演繹法:

( from ‘general’ to ‘specific’)

General statement :

The South Carolina AIDS Education Network , formed in 1985 and suffering from a lack of money, has been active and creative in the battle against AIDS.(Para. 4)

Specific statements:

? It operates its educational programs out of a beauty shop. (Para.5)

? It resorts to the network to help the hair stylists set up similar programs in other shops. (Para.6)

? It has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work: an easy-to-understand education within the community, self-education among peers, and redefinition of “at risk”. (Para. 7 -12)

?

3. Comparison and Contrast 對(duì)比法

The comparison and contrast is between “the government’s inactivity ” and “the local organizations’ creative operations of the educational programs”.

Conjunctions:

despite, in place of, more than

The Government’s Inactivity:

Despite the alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of the AIDS.(Para. 3)

Local Organizations’ Creative Involvement

A. In place of the government’s inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged.(Para. 3)

B. One of them, suffering from a lack of money, uses its resources creatively. (Para.4)

C. As a result, such books actually have more effect in the communities…than government publications… (Para. 9)

4). Main idea of each part and devices for developing them:

The text may be divided into four parts, accordingly, separate the class into four groups, each group will have discussions about one part, they are required to

(1). get the topic sentence ( or the main idea ) and supporting details of each part

(2). find out the clues as to how the author developed his ideas

(3). everyone should have a chance to express his own ideas

(4). choose representatives to report their opinions

Part I (para1-2)：A serious disease named as AIDS was diagnosed in the U.S.A. in the late 1970s; and since then it has been a big threat to the American society.

Part II (para.3-6): In contrast to the government’s inactivity, some local organizations have made efforts to fight against AIDS creatively.

Part III(para.7-13): The organization has generalized some practical methods which are useful to other similar groups.

Part IV(para.14): Fighting against AIDS entails everyone’s involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live.

5). Summary of the Text and Questions for Review

Teacher: Before we finish studying the text, I’d like to ask you some questions. You can answer these questions with your own experiences:

1. What is the name of the disease that appeared more than 20 years ago?

The name of the disease that emerged more than 20 years ago is AIDS. As a damaging and infectious disease, it has killed thousands of people and made more than one million people infected. In addition, it threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leaves another without parents, which itself has contributed to a serious social problem.

2. What war does this passage describe?

The war described in this passage refers to people’s fighting against the disease: AIDS. Despite the government’s inactivity, many local organizations have been established to combat this fatal disease. They make efforts toeducate people to guard against the virus by carrying out their educational programs creatively. They use easy-to-understand language or hand-drawn pictures to explain the risk of catching AIDS or emphasize that everyone is at risk and has a right to protect himself.

3.What must each of us learn to do?

Each of us should learn to be open-minded and try not to be distracted from the

concentration on the solution to the problem itself by the cultural, racial or social barriers. Moreover, each of us should learn to be responsible for fighting against this disease and protect ourselves and others as well. In other words, each of us should become an educator and learn to live a healthy life, keeping ourselves free from any unhealthy sex acts, remaining faithful to our marriage life, and staying far away from any habit-forming drug.

Summary:

Since it was _________, AIDS has killed _________ of Americans. Women and youth in rural Southern communities are most ______ to be ________ with AIDS. In _____ of the spread of AIDS and lack of government activity to stop it, some local organizations ________. The South Carolina AIDS Education Network formed to help _______ the number of AIDS _____. In some communities, handing ____ AIDS literature and __________ people to read it is not very _______ because many people cannot read. Besides, AIDS is _________ fastest among teenagers in the _____ South. So these groups have _________ some _____ methods of _________ the spread of AIDS, ______ include: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their _____; and ________ “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage ______. In other _____, everyone should ____ ____ ____ the war ______ AIDS.

Section B

The last Dive at the Olympics

I. Reading Skills---Readfing for Major Details (30’)

For this unit as you find in your students' book, we focus on the major details of paragraphs.

From the students' book we learn that when we are reading a paragraph, we should first try to identify and then try to separate the major detail from the small or less important details.

Here are some ways to help you locate the major detail.

1.Learn to read for the main idea. If you identify the main idea easily, the facts to support that idea will stand out.

2. Know that all facts and details are not equal in importance. Look only for the facts that relate to the main idea.

II. Introductory Questions: (10’)

Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to your understanding of the text. ( p19).

Q. 1. Immediately before he hit his head on the board, the writer __________.

climbed the ladder

started the moves that would thrust him into the air

knew he was too close to the board

corrected his actions when he turned

Q:2. The writer pushed away everyone else who came near to him because _________.

he hated them

he felt like screaming “Get away from me”

he felt embarrassed and wanted to hide without anyone seeing him

he was HIV-positive and feared that others' lives would be endangered if they touched his bleeding head

Q: 3. The writer’s natural parents did not adopt him because _________.

they were too poor to raise him

they were too young to raise him

they did not love him

they were Samoan

Q: 4. According to the passage, the writer’s diving gave him _______.

A. the sense of being stupid

B. the sense of being strong

C. the sense of being successful

D. the sense of being lonely

Q: 5. The writer began to practise doing gym exercises off the diving board ________.

A. in 1976

B. in 1971

C. in 1970

D. in 1972

Q: 6. The writer feared he would be hated by people if they found that _________.

A. he was HIV-positive

B. he had sex with men

only won a silver medal

D. his partner had AIDS

Q: 7. After he hit his head on the board at the trials, the writer _________.

practiced less with the help of his coach

B. was scared and gave up diving forever

the chance to compete at the finals

D. still got the chance to compete at the finals

Q: 8. The writer had been a diver for Olympic games for __________.

A. 18 years

B. 17 years

C. 16 years

D. 12 years

IV. Language Points: (20’)

1 ...commenced the moves that would thrust me into the air.(Para.1)

Meaning: ... started to do the actions that would make me leap into the air.

commence: v. begin, start

Before we commence again, let me give you a word or two of advice.

在我們開始之前，我給你提一點(diǎn)建議。

2 ...that would thrust me into the air. (Para.1)

Meaning: ... that would make me jump into the air.

thrust: vt. push with force and suddenly

The muggers thrust him into the small room and tied him up.

搶劫犯把他推進(jìn)小房間，綁了起來(lái)。

He thrust the gun into his pocket. 他把槍塞進(jìn)口袋。

3 I tried to correct myself as I turned, spreading my hands wide apart. (Para.1)

Meaning: I tried to correct my actions as I turned, and separated my hands as wide apart as possible.

apart: ad. separate by a distance

The two houses stand apart and there is a path between them wide enough for two cars to pass at the same time.

兩棟房子隔著一段距離，中間有條道路，其寬度足可以同時(shí)通過(guò)兩輛轎車。

The two sportsmen stood apart, waiting for the signal to fight.兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員分開站著，等待信號(hào)開始比賽。

4 Initially, I felt embarrassment. (Para.2)

Meaning: At first, I felt ashamed.

embarrassment: n. feeling ashamed, uncomfortable or anxious

In embarrassment he couldn't remember the reasons for visiting Nancy.尷尬之中，他記不起來(lái)拜訪南希的理由了。

"I beg your pardon," said he, with some embarrassment. "對(duì)不起，"他有點(diǎn)尷尬地說(shuō)道。

5 In haste, I pushed him away, and everyone else who approached me.(Para.2)

Meaning: In a hurry I pushed him away and everyone else who came near to me.

haste: n. quick movement or action

William said that the work must be finished with all possible haste.

威廉說(shuō)這項(xiàng)工作必須盡快完成。

In my haste I forgot to lock the door. 匆忙之中，我忘記鎖門了。

approach: v. come near (to); begin to consider or deal with

The day of the holiday is approaching. 假期快來(lái)臨了。

As we approached the house, we found a man going out of it.走近這棟房子時(shí)，我們看到一個(gè)人從屋內(nèi)出來(lái)。

Workers, above all, should know how to approach the problem correctly. 工人們首先應(yīng)該知道如何正確處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

The political official approached the group of people and began to talk to them.那個(gè)政治家走向人群，開始與他們交談。

6. These were the trials for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea. (Para.3)

Meaning: These were a sequence of matches for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea.

Please note that the word "trial" is a special term for sports here. When it is used in this sense it is often used in the plural form. However, "trial" is often used in the following sense

trial: n. 1) (an act of) testing to find quality, value, or usefulness

The trials show that the medicine is safe for most people.

實(shí)驗(yàn)表明這種藥對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言都是安全的。

After the trial they could meet their relatives. 審判之后他們可以同親屬見面。

7. At sixteen, I knew I had a shot at the 1976 Olympics. (Para.6)

Meaning: At sixteen, I knew I had a chance to take part in the 1976 Olympics.

have a shot at: attempt to do sth.

I doubt whether I can solve the problem, but I'll have a shot at it.

我懷疑我能否解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但我會(huì)試試看。

Why don't you have a shot at talking to her yourself? 為什么你不嘗試著自己與她談?

8 . This was an enjoyable triumph. (Para.6)

Meaning: This was a pleasant victory.

triumph: n. complete victory or success

The match ended in a triumph for the Chinese team.這場(chǎng)比賽以中國(guó)隊(duì)獲勝結(jié)束。

贏得足球杯賽的勝利是他們最偉大的勝利之一。

triumph：vi. win a battle against, defeat

He believed that he could triumph over the difficulties he met.

他相信自己可以戰(zhàn)勝所遇到的困難。

Our team at last triumphed over theirs at yesterday's match.

我們隊(duì)在昨天比賽中最后戰(zhàn)勝了他們隊(duì)。

9. I couldn't tell anyone for fear I wouldn't be able to compete in the Olympics if people learned I was HIV-positive.(Para.7)

Meaning: I couldn't tell anyone in case I wouldn't be able to take part in the Olympics if people knew that I was infected with HIV.

for fear: for being afraid

"For fear" is often followed by a that clause.

He set off very early for fear that he might be late for the interview. 他早早就出發(fā)了，生怕面試遲到

compete: vi. take part in (a game, match)

Our school competes against many other schools in baseball.

我們學(xué)校常同許多其他學(xué)校進(jìn)行壘球比賽。

The boy was reluctant to compete for the first time in front of his parents. 那個(gè)男孩第一次當(dāng)著父母的面比賽，心里有點(diǎn)兒緊張。

10. Regardless, I made it into the finals. (Para.8)

Meaning: Even though I hit my head on the board at the trials, I got a chance to compete in the finals.

make it: succeed in doing sth.

I believe that I have the ability to make it. 我相信我有能力做成此事。

He hadn't been able to make it to our dinner. 他還是沒能趕上我們的宴會(huì)。

11. I had to quit diving professionally after the Olympics. (Para.10)

Meaning: I had to give up diving as a professional job after the Olympics.

quit: stop (doing sth.) and leave

Steve quit when he realized that he could not win.

知道自己不能獲勝，史蒂夫退出了比賽。

Others made critical comments about him because he quit his duties.

他因?yàn)榉艞壸约旱呢?zé)任而受到批評(píng)。