第四十一條 提起訴訟應當符合下列條件：

Article 41 The following requirements shall be met when a suit is brought:

（一）原告是認為具體行政行為侵犯其合法權益的公民、法人或者其他組織；

(1) the plaintiff must be a citizen, a legal person or any other organization that considers a specific administrative act to have infringed upon his or its lawful rights and interests;

（二）有明確的被告；

(2) there must be a specific defendant or defendants;

（三）有具體的訴訟請求和事實根據；

(3) there must be a specific claim and a corresponding factual basis for the suit;

（四）屬于人民法院受案范圍和受訴人民法院管轄。

and (4) the suit must fall within the scope of cases acceptable to the people's courts and the specific jurisdiction of the people's court where it is filed.

第四十二條 人民法院接到起訴狀，經審查，應當在七日內立案或者作出裁定不予受理。原告對裁定不服的，可以提起上訴。

Article 42 When a people's court receives a bill of complaint, it shall, upon examination, file a case within seven days or decide to reject the complaint. If the plaintiff refuses to accept the decision, he may appeal to a people's court.

第七章 審理和判決

Chapter VII Trial and Judgment

第四十三條 人民法院應當在立案之日起五日內，將起訴狀副本發(fā)送被告。

Article 43 A people's court shall send a copy of the bill of complaint to the defendant within five days of filing the case.

被告應當在收到起訴狀副本之日起十日內向人民法院提交作出具體行政行為的有關材料，并提出答辯狀。

The defendant shall provide the people's court with the documents on the basis of which a specific administrative act has been undertaken and file a bill of defence within ten days of receiving the copy of the bill of complaint.

人民法院應當在收到答辯狀之日起五日內，將答辯狀副本發(fā)送原告。

The people's court shall send a copy of the bill of defence to the plaintiff within five days of receiving it.

被告不提出答辯狀的，不影響人民法院審理。

Failure by the defendant to file a bill of defence shall not prevent the case from being tried by the people's court.

第四十四條 訴訟期間，不停止具體行政行為的執(zhí)行。但有下列情形之一的，停止具體行政行為的執(zhí)行：

Article 44 During the time of legal proceedings, execution of the specific administrative act shall not be suspended. Execution of the specific administrative act shall be suspended under one of the following circumstances:

（一）被告認為需要停止執(zhí)行的；

(1) where suspension is deemed necessary by the defendant;

（二）原告申請停止執(zhí)行，人民法院認為該具體行政行為的執(zhí)行會造成難以彌補的損失，并且停止執(zhí)行不損害社會公共利益，裁定停止執(zhí)行的；

(2) where suspension of execution is ordered by the people's court at the request of the plaintiff because, in the view of the people's court, execution of the specific administrative act will cause irremediable losses and suspension of the execution will not harm public interests;

（三）法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定停止執(zhí)行的。

?or (3) where suspension of execution is required by the provisions of laws or regulations.

第四十五條 人民法院公開審理行政案件，但涉及國家秘密、個人隱私和法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

Article 45 Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried in public, except for those that involve state secrets or the private affairs of individuals or are otherwise provided for by law.

第四十六條 人民法院審理行政案件，由審判員組成合議庭，或者由審判員、陪審員組成合議庭。合議庭的成員，應當是三人以上的單數。

Article 46 Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried by a collegial panel of judges or of judges and assessors. The number of members of a collegial panel shall be an odd number of three or more.

第四十七條 當事人認為審判人員與本案有利害關系或者有其他關系可能影響公正審判，有權申請審判人員回避。

Article 47 If a party considers a member of the judicial personnel to have an interest in the case or to be otherwise related to it, which may affect the impartial handling of the case, the party shall have the right to demand his withdrawal.

審判人員認為自己與本案有利害關系或者有其他關系，應當申請回避。

If a member of the judicial personnel considers himself to have an interest in the case or to be otherwise related to it, he shall apply for withdrawal.

前兩款規(guī)定，適用于書記員、翻譯人員、鑒定人、勘驗人。

The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall apply to court clerks, interpreters, expert witnesses and persons who conduct inquests.

院長擔任審判長時的回避，由審判委員會決定；

The withdrawal of the president of the court as the chief judge shall be decided by the court's adjudication committee;

審判人員的回避，由院長決定；其他人員的回避，由審判長決定。

the withdrawal of a member of the judicial personnel shall be decided by the president of the court;　the withdrawal of other personnel shall be decided by the chief judge.

當事人對決定不服的，可以申請復議。

Parties who refuse to accept the decision may apply for reconsideration.

第四十八條 經人民法院兩次合法傳喚，原告無正當理由拒不到庭的，視為申請撤訴；被告無正當理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席判決。

Article 48 If the plaintiff refuses to appear in court without justified reasons after being twice legally summoned by the people's court, the court shall consider this an application for the withdrawal of the suit; if the defendant refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, the court may make a judgment by default.

第四十九條 訴訟參與人或者其他人有下列行為之一的，人民法院可以根據情節(jié)輕重，予以訓誡、責令具結悔過或者處一千元以下的罰款、十五日以下的拘留；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 49 If a participant in the proceedings or any other person commits any of the following acts, the people's court may, according to the seriousness of his offence, reprimand him, order him to sign a statement of repentance or impose upon him a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan or detain him for not longer than 15 days; if a crime is constituted, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated:

（一）有義務協助執(zhí)行的人，對人民法院的協助執(zhí)行通知書，無故推拖、拒絕或者妨礙執(zhí)行的；

(1) evading without reason, refusing to assist in or obstructing the execution of the notice of a people's court for assistance in its execution by a person who has the duty to render assistance;

（二）偽造、隱藏、毀滅證據的；

(2) forging, concealing or destroying evidence;

（三）指使、賄買、脅迫他人作偽證或者威脅、阻止證人作證的；

(3) instigating, suborning or threatening others to commit perjury or hindering witnesses from giving testimony;

（四）隱藏、轉移、變賣、毀損已被查封、扣押、凍結的財產的；

(4) concealing, transferring, selling or destroying the property that has been sealed up, seized or frozen;

（五）以暴力、威脅或者其他方法阻礙人民法院工作人員執(zhí)行職務或者擾亂人民法院工作秩序的；

(5) using violence, threats or other means to hinder the personnel of a people's court from performing their duties or disturbing the order of the work of a people's court;

（六）對人民法院工作人員、訴訟參與人、協助執(zhí)行人侮辱、誹謗、誣陷、毆打或者打擊報復的。

or (6) insulting, slandering, framing, beating or retaliating against the personnel of a people's court, participants in proceedings or personnel who assist in the execution of duties;

罰款、拘留須經人民法院院長批準。當事人對決定不服的，可以申請復議。

A fine or detention must be approved by the president of a people's court. Parties who refuse to accept the punishment decision may apply for reconsideration.

第五十條 人民法院審理行政案件，不適用調解。

Article 50 A people's court shall not apply conciliation in handling an administrative case.

第五十一條 人民法院對行政案件宣告判決或者裁定前，原告申請撤訴的，或者被告改變其所作的具體行政行為，原告同意并申請撤訴的，是否準許，由人民法院裁定。

Article 51 Before a people's court announces its judgment or order on an administrative case, if the plaintiff applies for the withdrawal of the suit, or if the defendant amends its specific administrative act and, as a result, the plaintiff agrees and applies for the withdrawal of the suit, the people's court shall decide whether or not to grant the approval.

第五十二條 人民法院審理行政案件，以法律和行政法規(guī)、地方性法規(guī)為依據。地方性法規(guī)適用于本行政區(qū)域內發(fā)生的行政案件。

Article 52 In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall take the law, administrative rules and regulations and local regulations as the criteria. Local regulations shall be applicable to administrative cases within the corresponding administrative areas.

人民法院審理民族自治地方的行政案件，并以該民族自治地方的自治條例和單行條例為依據。

In handling administrative cases of a national autonomous area, the people's courts shall also take the regulations on autonomy and separate regulations of the national autonomous area as the criteria.

第五十三條 人民法院審理行政案件，參照國務院部、委根據法律和國務院的行政法規(guī)、決定、命令制定、發(fā)布的規(guī)章以及省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和省、自治區(qū)的人民政府所在地的市和經國務院批準的較大的市的人民政府根據法律和國務院的行政法規(guī)制定、發(fā)布的規(guī)章。

Article 53 In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall take, as references, regulations formulated and announced by ministries or commissions under the State Council in accordance with the law and administrative rules and regulations, decisions or orders of the State Council and regulations formulated and announced, in accordance with the law and administrative rules and regulations of the State Council, by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, of the cities where the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions are located, and of the larger cities approved as such by the State Council.

人民法院認為地方人民政府制定、發(fā)布的規(guī)章與國務院部、委制定、發(fā)布的規(guī)章不一致的，以及國務院部、委制定、發(fā)布的規(guī)章之間不一致的，由最高人民法院送請國務院作出解釋或者裁決。

If a people's court considers regulations formulated and announced by a local people's government to be inconsistent with regulations formulated and announced by a ministry or commission under the State Council, or if it considers regulations formulated and announced by ministries or commissions under the State Council to be inconsistent with each other, the Supreme People's Court shall refer the matter to the State Council for interpretation or ruling.

第五十四條 人民法院經過審理，根據不同情況，分別作出以下判決：

Article 54 After hearing a case, a people's court shall make the following judgments according to the varying conditions:

（一）具體行政行為證據確鑿，適用法律、法規(guī)正確，符合法定程序的，判決維持。

(1) If the evidence for undertaking a specific administrative act is conclusive, the application of the law and regulations to the act is correct, and the legal procedure is complied with, the specific administrative act shall be sustained by judgment.

（二）具體行政行為有下列情形之一的，判決撤銷或者部分撤銷，并可以判決被告重新作出具體行政行為：

(2) If a specific administrative act has been undertaken in one of the following circumstances, the act shall be annulled or partially annulled by judgment, or the defendant may be required by judgment to undertake a specific administrative act anew:

⒈主要證據不足的；

a. inadequacy of essential evidence;

⒉適用法律、法規(guī)錯誤的；

b. erroneous application of the law or regulations;

⒊違反法定程序的；

c. violation of legal procedure;

⒋超越職權的；

d. exceeding authority;

⒌濫用職權的。

or e. abuse of powers.

（三）被告不履行或者拖延履行法定職責的，判決其在一定期限內履行。

(3) If a defendant fails to perform or delays the performance of his statutory duty, a fixed time shall be set by judgment for his performance of the duty.

（四）行政處罰顯失公正的，可以判決變更。

(4) If an administrative sanction is obviously unfair, it may be amended by judgment.

第五十五條 人民法院判決被告重新作出具體行政行為的，被告不得以同一的事實和理由作出與原具體行政行為基本相同的具體行政行為。

Article 55 A defendant who has been judged by a people's court to undertake a specific administrative act anew must not, based on the same fact and reason, undertake a specific administrative act essentially identical with the original act.

第五十六條 人民法院在審理行政案件中，認為行政機關的主管人員、直接責任人員違反政紀的，應當將有關材料移送該行政機關或者其上一級行政機關或者監(jiān)察、人事機關；

Article 56 In handling administrative cases, if a people's court considers the head of an administrative organ or the person directly in charge to have violated administrative discipline, it shall transfer the relevant materials to the administrative organ or the administrative organ at the next higher level or to a supervisory or personnel department;

認為有犯罪行為的，應當將有關材料移送公安、檢察機關。

if a people's court considers the person to have committed a crime, it shall transfer the relevant materials to the public security and procuratorial organs.

第五十七條 人民法院應當在立案之日起三個月內作出第一審判決。

Article 57 A people's court shall pass a judgment of first instance within three months from the day of filing the case.

有特殊情況需要延長的，由高級人民法院批準，高級人民法院審理第一審案件需要延長的，由最高人民法院批準。

Extent of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be approved by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handling a case of first instance by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handling a case of first instance by a higher people's court shall be approved by the Supreme People's Court.

第五十八條 當事人不服人民法院第一審判決的，有權在判決書送達之日起十五日內向上一級人民法院提起上訴。

Article 58 If a party refuses to accept a judgment of first instance by a people's court, he shall have the right to file an appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within 15 days of the serving of the written judgment.

當事人不服人民法院第一審裁定的，有權在裁定書送達之日起十日內向上一級人民法院提起上訴。

If a party refuses to accept an order of first instance by a people's court, he shall have the right to file an appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within 10 days of the serving of the written order.

逾期不提起上訴的，人民法院的第一審判決或者裁定發(fā)生法律效力。

All judgments and orders of first instance by a people's court that have not been appealed within the prescribed time limit shall be legally effective.

第五十九條 人民法院對上訴案件，認為事實清楚的，可以實行書面審理。

Article 59 A people's court may handle an appealed case by examining the court records, if it considers the facts clearly ascertained.

第六十條 人民法院審理上訴案件，應當在收到上訴狀之日起兩個月內作出終審判決。

Article 60 In handling an appealed case, a people's court shall make a final judgment within two months from the day of receiving the appeal.

有特殊情況需要延長的，由高級人民法院批準，高級人民法院審理上訴案件需要延長的，由最高人民法院批準。

Extent of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be approved by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handling an appealed case by a higher people's court shall be approved by the Supreme People's Court.

第六十一條 人民法院審理上訴案件，按照下列情形，分別處理：

Article 61 A people's court shall handle an appealed case respectively according to the conditions set forth below:

（一）原判決認定事實清楚，適用法律、法規(guī)正確的，判決駁回上訴，維持原判；

(1) if the facts are clearly ascertained and the law and regulations are correctly applied in the original judgment, the appeal shall be rejected and the original judgment sustained;

（二）原判決認定事實清楚，但是適用法律、法規(guī)錯誤的，依法改判；

(2) if the facts are clearly ascertained but the law and regulations are incorrectly applied in the original judgment, the judgment shall be amended according to the law and regulations;

（三）原判決認定事實不清，證據不足，或者由于違反法定程序可能影響案件正確判決的，裁定撤銷原判，發(fā)回原審人民法院重審，也可以查清事實后改判。

?or (3) if the facts are not clearly ascertained in the original judgment or the evidence is insufficient, or a violation of the prescribed procedure may have affected the correctness of the original judgment, the original judgment shall be rescinded and the case remanded to the original people's court for retrial, or the people's court of the second instance may amend the judgment after investigating and clarifying the facts.

當事人對重審案件的判決、裁定，可以上訴。

The parties may appeal against the judgment or order rendered in a retrial of their case.

第六十二條 當事人對已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，認為確有錯誤的，可以向原審人民法院或者上一級人民法院提出申訴，但判決、裁定不停止執(zhí)行。

Article 62 If a party considers that a legally effective judgment or order contains some definite error, he may make complaints to the people's court which tried the case or to a people's court at a higher level, but the execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended.

第六十三條 人民法院院長對本院已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現違反法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定認為需要再審的，應當提交審判委員會決定是否再審。

Article 63 If the president of a people's court finds a violation of provisions of the law or regulations in a legally effective judgment or order of his court and deems it necessary to have the case retried, he shall refer the matter to the adjudication committee, which shall decide whether a retrial is necessary.

上級人民法院對下級人民法院已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現違反法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定的，有權提審或者指令下級人民法院再審。

If a people's court at a higher level finds a violation of provisions of the law or regulations in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at a lower level, it shall have the power to bring the case up for trial itself or direct the people's court at the lower level to conduct a retrial.

第六十四條 人民檢察院對人民法院已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現違反法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定的，有權按照審判監(jiān)督程序提出抗訴。

Article 64 If the people's procuratorate finds a violation of provisions of the law or regulations in a legally effective judgement or order of a people's court, it shall have the right to lodge a protest in accordance with procedures of judicial supervision.

第八章 執(zhí) 行

Chapter VII Execution

第六十五條 當事人必須履行人民法院發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定。

Article 65 The parties must perform the legally effective judgment or order of the people's court.

公民、法人或者其他組織拒絕履行判決、裁定的，行政機關可以向第一審人民法院申請強制執(zhí)行，或者依法強制執(zhí)行。

If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization refuses to perform the judgment or order, the administrative organ may apply to a people's court of first instance for compulsory execution or proceed with compulsory execution according to law.

行政機關拒絕履行判決、裁定的，第一審人民法院可以采取以下措施：

If an administrative organ refuses to perform the judgment or order, the people's court of first instance may adopt the following measures:

（一）對應當歸還的罰款或者應當給付的賠償金，通知銀行從該行政機關的帳戶內劃撥；

(1) informing the bank to transfer from the administrative organ's account the amount of the fine that should be returned or the damages that should be paid;

（二）在規(guī)定期限內不執(zhí)行的，從期滿之日起，對該行政機關按日處五十元至一百元的罰款；

(2) imposing a fine of 50 to 100 yuan per day on an administrative organ that fails to perform the judgment or order within the prescribed time limit, counting from the day when the time limit expires;

（三）向該行政機關的上一級行政機關或者監(jiān)察、人事機關提出司法建議。接受司法建議的機關，根據有關規(guī)定進行處理，并將處理情況告知人民法院；

(3) putting forward a judicial proposal to the administrative organ superior to the administrative organ in question or to a supervisory or personnel department; the organ or department that accepts the judicial proposal shall deal with the matter in accordance with the relevant provisions and inform the people's court of its disposition;

（四）拒不執(zhí)行判決、裁定，情節(jié)嚴重構成犯罪的，依法追究主管人員和直接責任人員的刑事責任。

and (4) if an administrative organ refuses to execute a judgment or order, and the circumstances are so serious that a crime is constituted, the head of the administrative organ and the person directly in charge shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

第六十六條 公民、法人或者其他組織對具體行政行為在法定期間不提起訴訟又不履行的，行政機關可以申請人民法院強制執(zhí)行，或者依法強制執(zhí)行。

Article 66 If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization, during the period prescribed by law, neither brings a suit nor carries out the specific administrative act, the administrative organ may apply to a people's court for compulsory execution, or proceed with compulsory execution according to law.

第九章 侵權賠償責任

Chapter IX Liability for Compensation for Infringement of Rights

第六十七條 公民、法人或者其他組織的合法權益受到行政機關或者行政機關工作人員作出的具體行政行為侵犯造成損害的，有權請求賠償。

Article 67 A citizen, a legal person or any other organization who suffers damage because of the infringement upon his or its lawful rights and interests by a specific administrative act of an administrative organ or the personnel of an administrative organ, shall have the right to claim compensation.

公民、法人或者其他組織單獨就損害賠償提出請求，應當先由行政機關解決。

If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization makes an independent claim for damages, the case shall first be dealt with by an administrative organ.

對行政機關的處理不服，可以向人民法院提起訴訟。

Anyone who refuses to accept the disposition by the administrative organ may file a suit in a people's court.

賠償訴訟可以適用調解。

Conciliation may be applied in handling a suit for damages.

第六十八條 行政機關或者行政機關工作人員作出的具體行政行為侵犯公民、法人或者其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，由該行政機關或者該行政機關工作人員所在的行政機關負責賠償。

Article 68 If a specific administrative act undertaken by an administrative organ or the personnel of an administrative organ infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person or any other organization and causes damage, the administrative organ or the administrative organ to which the above-mentioned personnel belongs shall be liable for compensation.

行政機關賠償損失后，應當責令有故意或者重大過失的行政機關工作人員承擔部分或者全部賠償費用。

After paying the compensation, the administrative organ shall instruct those members of its personnel who have committed intentional or gross mistakes in the case to bear part or all of the damages.

第六十九條 賠償費用，從各級財政列支。各級人民政府可以責令有責任的行政機關支付部分或者全部賠償費用。具體辦法由國務院規(guī)定。

Article 69 The cost of compensation shall be included as an expenditure in the government budget at various levels. The people's governments at various levels may order the administrative organs responsible for causing the compensation to bear part or all of the damages. The specific measures thereof shall be formulated by the State Council.

第十章 涉外行政訴訟

Chapter X Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign Interests

第七十條 外國人、無國籍人、外國組織在中華人民共和國進行行政訴訟，適用本法。法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

Article 70 This Law shall be applicable to foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign organizations that are engaged in administrative suits in the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise provided for by law.

第七十一條 外國人、無國籍人、外國組織在中華人民共和國進行行政訴訟，同中華人民共和國公民、組織有同等的訴訟權利和義務。

Article 71 Foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign organizations that are engaged in administrative suits in the People's Republic of China shall have the same litigation rights and obligations as citizens and organizations of the People's Republic of China.

外國法院對中華人民共和國公民、組織的行政訴訟權利加以限制的，人民法院對該國公民、組織的行政訴訟權利，實行對等原則。

Should the courts of a foreign country impose restrictions on the administrative litigation rights of the citizens and organizations of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese people's courts shall follow the principle of reciprocity regarding the administrative litigation rights of the citizens and organizations of that foreign country.

第七十二條 中華人民共和國締結或者參加的國際條約同本法有不同規(guī)定的，適用該國際條約的規(guī)定。中華人民共和國聲明保留的條款除外。

Article 72 If an international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contains provisions different from those found in this Law, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply, unless the provisions are ones on which the People's Republic of China has announced reservations.

第七十三條 外國人、無國籍人、外國組織在中華人民共和國進行行政訴訟，委托律師代理訴訟的，應當委托中華人民共和國律師機構的律師。

Article 73 When foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign organizations appoint lawyers as their agents ad litem in administrative suits in the People's Republic of China, they shall appoint lawyers of a lawyers' organization of the People's Republic of China.

第十一章 附 則

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

第七十四條 人民法院審理行政案件，應當收取訴訟費用。訴訟費用由敗訴方承擔，雙方都有責任的由雙方分擔。收取訴訟費用的具體辦法另行規(guī)定。

Article 74 A people's court shall charge litigation fees for handling administrative cases. The litigation fee shall be borne by the losing party, or by both parties if they are both held responsible. The procedure for the charging of litigation fees shall be specified separately.

第七十五條 本法自1990年10月1日起施行。

Article 75 This Law shall come into force as of October 1, 1990.