過去進(jìn)行時:when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題
過去進(jìn)行時
過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或者某段時間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,常和表過去的時間狀語連用,如:
1. I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。
2. They were waiting for you yesterday.
他們昨天一直在等你。
3. He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o'clock yesterday.
昨天12點(diǎn),他正在廚房燒飯。
過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成:
肯定形式:主語+was/were+V-ing
否定形式:主語+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing
疑問形式:Was/Were+主語+V-ing。
基本用法:
1. 過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有,at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday (last night / Sunday…),when sb. did sth.等時間狀語從句,如:
1)What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday?
昨天晚上七點(diǎn)你在干什么?
2)I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.
我第一次遇到瑪麗是在三年前,當(dāng)時她在一家無線電商店工作。
3)I was cooking when she knocked at the door.
她敲門時我正在做飯。
后通常用表示暫短性動詞,while后通常用表示持續(xù)性動詞,而while所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語動詞常用進(jìn)行時態(tài),如:When the car exploded I was walking past it. = While I was walking past the car it exploded.
用作并列連詞時,主句常用進(jìn)行時態(tài),從句則用一般過去時,表示主句動作發(fā)生的過程中,另一個意想不到的動作發(fā)生了。如:
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。
作并列連詞,表示“(這時)突然”之意時,第一個并列分句用過去進(jìn)行時,when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時。如:
1)I was taking a walk when I met him.
我正在散步,突然遇見了他。
2)We were playing outside when it began to rain.
我們正在外邊玩,這時下起雨來了。
過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時的用法比較:
1)過去進(jìn)行時表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,而一般過去時則表示一個完整的動作。
例如:They were writing letters to their friends last night.
昨晚他們在寫信給他們的朋友。(沒有說明信是否寫完)
They wrote letters to their friends last night.
他們昨晚寫了信給他們的朋友。(表達(dá)了他們已寫好的意思,整個寫的過程已完成。)
2)當(dāng)動作延續(xù)較長時間時或表示厭煩、贊美等感情色彩時,常用過去進(jìn)行時表示。
例如:He was thinking more of others than of himself.
他考慮別人的比考慮自己的多。(表示說話者贊揚(yáng)的口氣)
The boy was always making trouble then.
那時,他總是惹麻煩。(表示說話者厭煩的口氣)
3. 狀語從句:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾主句的動詞,形容詞或副詞等的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思可分為時間、原因、條件、比較、目的、結(jié)果和讓步等類型。
(根據(jù)考試說明,前四個要求掌握,其它要求理解)
時間狀語(常由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo))
when, as ,while (當(dāng)……時候; 一邊…… 一邊……;在……期間),
before(在……之前), after (在……之后), as soon as(一…… 就…… )
since (自從……時起到現(xiàn)在), till/until (直到……時) 等
例如:
1)When my cousin came yesterday, I was playing volleyball.
昨天我表哥來的時候,我在打排球。
2)When the air moves, it is called wind.
空氣流動,就產(chǎn)生風(fēng)。
3)As the boys walked along the lake, they sang happily.
這些男孩一邊沿湖邊走,一邊愉快地唱歌。
4)While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived.
當(dāng)我在睡覺時,UFO到達(dá)了。
when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別:
when表示“當(dāng)……的時候”。從句中既可用延續(xù)性動詞,又可用非延續(xù)性動詞,這些動詞既可以表示動作,又可表示狀態(tài)。從句中的動作既可和主句的動作同時發(fā)生,又可在主句的動作之前或之后發(fā)生。
例如:Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.
while表示“在……的時候”、“在……期間” 、“一邊……一邊……”。while從句中必須是表示動作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動詞。它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動作與從句的動作同時發(fā)生或主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作過程中。
例如:The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.
She called while I was out.
I was drawing while my brother was reading.
He likes reading a newspaper while he is waiting for the bus.
如果主句的動作在從句的動作過程中發(fā)生,從句常用進(jìn)行時。
例如:While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.
Don't talk so loud while others are working.
有時when 和while 可以轉(zhuǎn)換使用。
例如:The girl was watching TV when the alien got in.
when和while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句與這一時態(tài)連用。所以區(qū)別when和while的用法成了這一單元的難點(diǎn)。
(一)、when,while都有“當(dāng)……時候”的意思。
when既可表示某一點(diǎn)時間,也可以表示某一段時間 。在when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,可與主句中的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。
例如: 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
她走進(jìn)我房間時,我正在看書。
2、Were you writing when the teacher came in?
老師進(jìn)來的時候,你在寫信嗎?
3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小時候就常常試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。
(二)、while只能表示某一段時間,不能表示某一點(diǎn)時間。在while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或存在。
例1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車時,林濤來看他。
2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。
(三)、另外,when和while的區(qū)別還在于:while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多用進(jìn)行時態(tài),而when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多用一般時態(tài)。
例如:
1、While they were talking , the bell rang.
正在他們談話的時候,上課鈴響了。
2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上媽媽回家的時候,我正在做家庭作
通過觀察,我們可以這樣理解:when引導(dǎo)的從句里動作發(fā)生的時間相對主句動作發(fā)生的時間要短些;while引導(dǎo)的從句里的動作發(fā)生的時間相對主句而言更長些。
引申講解:
When,While,As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別
when,while,as顯然都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,但用法區(qū)別非常大。
一、when可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用,也可以和短暫性動詞連用;而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動詞連用。
① Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動詞)對不起,你打電話時我剛好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.(is為延續(xù)性動詞,表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))趁熱打鐵。
④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen為延續(xù)性動詞)學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。
二、when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生;while和as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生。
1.從句動作在主句動作前發(fā)生,只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會兒。
②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后發(fā)生)
當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場時,客人們已經(jīng)離開了。
2從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生,且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時,when,while,as都可用。
①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance為延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)我們跳舞時,一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。
②When /While /As she was making a phone call,I was writing a letter.(make為延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)她在打電話時,我正在寫信。
3.當(dāng)主句、從句動作同時進(jìn)行,從句動作的時間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動作發(fā)生的背景或條件時,只能用 as。這時,as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……,一邊……”之意。
① As the time went on,the weather got worse.(as表示“隨著……”之意)
② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
隨著高度的增加,大氣越來越稀薄。
③As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.
隨著時間一年一年過去,中國變得越來越富強(qiáng)了。
④The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走,一邊唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.
傷心的媽媽坐在路邊,邊哭邊叫。
4.在將來時從句中,常用when,且從句須用一般時代替將來時。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書后,你可以借閱。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,經(jīng)理來這參觀時,我會和他談?wù)劥耸隆?br>
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉上眼,就有人在敲門了。
②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.
我剛一走進(jìn)房門,電話就響了。
When\while\as的區(qū)別
①when是at or during the time that, 既指時間點(diǎn),也可指一段時間;
while是during the time that,只指一段時間,因此when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性動詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動詞,而while從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。
②when 說明從句的動作和主句的動作可以是同時,也可以是先后發(fā)生;while 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動作在從句動作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個動作同時發(fā)生。
③由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,主句用過去進(jìn)行時,從句應(yīng)用一般過去時;如果從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生,兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時的時候,多用while引導(dǎo),如:
a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時,則為:
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b. They were singing while we were dancing.
④when和while 還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時”;while表示“而,卻”,表對照關(guān)系。如:
a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子們正要跑過去搬開那袋米,這時他們聽到了摩托車的聲音。
b. He is strong while his brother is weak.
他長得很結(jié)實(shí),而他弟弟卻很瘦弱。
具體你可以參考這一段。
- 相關(guān)熱點(diǎn):
- 英語句型
- 英語時態(tài)
- 英語語法
- 劍橋少兒英語預(yù)備級