職場上的綜合推理技能

任何企業(yè)都非?？粗鼐C合推理技能。

全球雇主都非常看重綜合推理技能

在GMAC? 2012年對全球636家計劃招聘MBA畢業(yè)生和其他商科研究生畢業(yè)生的企業(yè)雇主調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，GMAT?考試綜合推理部分所測試的四項能力“非常重要”，而且?guī)缀跛泄椭鞫颊J為尤其對新的商科畢業(yè)生來說這些能力很重要。

今日的經(jīng)理人需要分析越來越復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)，商學(xué)院的項目也隨之要求學(xué)生們增強解決復(fù)雜問題的能力。30分鐘的綜合推理部分測試的技能是2009年從一個覆蓋全球740位商學(xué)院教授的調(diào)查問卷中總結(jié)出來的，這些能力對即將進入商學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生來說非常重要。

院校如何看待綜合推理部分

“現(xiàn)在的時代被稱為大數(shù)據(jù)的時代，而且不斷有證據(jù)表明將來能夠取得成功的是那些在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中看出關(guān)鍵模式的人”，俄亥俄州立大學(xué)費舍爾商學(xué)院院長、前Johnson & Johnson’s董事會副主席及Pharmaceuticals Group全球主席Christine Poon說道，“GMAT?考試為了應(yīng)對商學(xué)院和管理項目的需求而新增考試部分以測試學(xué)生們所需的能力并不足為其。該考試是商學(xué)院入學(xué)的黃金標(biāo)準，而且在追求不斷創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)造新標(biāo)準”?

新增的綜合推理部分以及其重要性

綜合推理能力是應(yīng)對錯綜復(fù)雜的商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)的基礎(chǔ)

定量推理部分

GMAT 考試的定量推理部分，將會考核您根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)定量推理技巧以分析數(shù)據(jù)和歸納總結(jié)的能力。以多項選擇題的方式，測試您的解決問題和分析數(shù)據(jù)充分性的能力。

問題求解例題

問題求解主要衡量運用基本定量推理技能解決問題的能力。

說明

Solve the problem and indicate the best of the answer choices given.?

問題

If u > t, r > q, s > t, and t > r, which of the following must be true??

I. u > s?
II. s > q?
III. u > r

• (A) I only?
• (B) II only
• (C) III only
• (D) I and II
• (E) II and III?

答案：?(E)

數(shù)據(jù)充分性例題

運用基本定量推理和分析技能，完成數(shù)據(jù)充分性例題。

說明

此數(shù)據(jù)充分性問題包含一個試題，以及分別標(biāo)記為(1) 和(2) 的兩個陳述，其中提供了特定的數(shù)據(jù)。您必須判斷陳述中提供的數(shù)據(jù)是否足以回答試題。您必須使用陳述中提供的數(shù)據(jù)，加上您的定量推理知識和生活常識（如七月有多少天，或者“逆時針”是什么意思），指出:

• Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked.
• Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked.
• BOTH statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question asked, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.
• EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.
• Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question asked, and additional data specific to the problem are needed.

例題

If a real estate agent received a commission of 6 percent of the selling price of a certain house, what was the selling price of the house??

(1) The selling price minus the real estate agent's commission was $84,600.?
(2) The selling price was 250 percent of the original purchase price of $36,000.?

• (A) Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.?
• (B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.?
• (C) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.?
• (D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient. (E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

答案:?(D)

文本邏輯推理部分

GMAT?考試的文本邏輯推理部分使用多項選擇題的方式，衡量你在閱讀和理解書面材料，審視推理論據(jù)，以及改正書面材料使其符合標(biāo)準書面英語規(guī)范的能力。

閱讀理解例題

考核您對此閱讀理解題目進行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。

說明

此部分的試題，是基于某一篇文章的內(nèi)容。閱讀文章后，為每個試題選出最佳的答案。根據(jù)文章表達或暗示的內(nèi)容，回答文章后面所有試題。

例題

Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of information for students. My research suggests, however, that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans within the history of the United States distort history to suit a particular cultural value system. In some textbooks, for example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex, skillful, and wise than Native Americans. In essence, textbooks stereotype and depreciate the numerous Native American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the European conquest of the New World denotes the superiority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluate Native American architecture, political systems, and homemaking, I contend that they do it from an ethnocentric, European perspective without recognizing that other perspectives are possible.?

One argument against my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply underestimating children's ability to see through these biases. Some researchers even claim that by the time students are in high school, they know they cannot take textbooks literally. Yet substantial evidence exists to the contrary. Two researchers, for example, have conducted studies that suggest that children's attitudes about particular cultures are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in schools. Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how school textbooks depict Native Americans is certainly warranted.

Which of the following would most logically be the topic of the paragraph immediately following the passage?

• (A) specific ways to evaluate the biases of United States history textbooks?
• (B) the centrality of the teacher's role in United States history courses
• (C) nontraditional methods of teaching United States history
• (D) the contributions of European immigrants to the development of the United States
• (E) ways in which parents influence children's political attitudes?

答案:?(A)

批判性推理例題

在批判性推理試題中運用您的推理技能。

說明

請在提供的選項中選出最佳答案。

例題

The cost of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the cost of producing radios in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y.

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?

• (A) Labor costs in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y.
• (B) Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.
• (C) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.
• (D) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Q.
• (E) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y.

答案:?(C)

句子改錯例題

Test your grammar and effective communication skills with this sample sentence correction question.

說明

此試題將列出一個句子，其中一部分或全句標(biāo)有下劃線。在該句子下方，您會看到五個選項。其中，第一項重復(fù)原句；另外四種則與原句不同。如果您認為原句為最佳表述，請選擇第一選項作為答案；否則，請在其他四種方式中選擇您認為最好的一個。

此試題是要測試表達的準確性和有效性。選擇答案時，請遵守英語寫作標(biāo)準的要求；即，注意語法、用詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。選擇最有效表達的語句；此答案應(yīng)該清晰準確、無混淆、無歧義、無累贅和無語法錯誤。

例題
While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regional and community banks are finding that?the cost associated with?upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance of new products and technical staff are prohibitive.

(A) cost associated with
(B) costs associated with
(C) costs arising from
(D) cost of
(E) costs of

答案:?(B)