GMAT語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：比較關(guān)系
1. 常見的比較詞匯:
Like, Unlike, More than, Less than, Faster than, different from, in contrast with/to, Compare to, as, as (adj.) as, as much as, as fast as, the same as.
2. 比較的解題法則：
1)讀語(yǔ)義找標(biāo)志詞：
?、?找出邏輯概念是否可以比較; ② 注意專題中的標(biāo)志詞;
2)注意點(diǎn)：
?、?看到了標(biāo)志詞，知道比較點(diǎn)雙方是否存在并且是否可以比較;
(Cat’s paw和Dog;1982年和1984年的事)
?、?比較雙方是否形式一致;
(前后雙方要保持形式一致，除非不同語(yǔ)態(tài)，但要保持形式一致)
?、?比較是否清晰;
注意什么和什么比：在邏輯語(yǔ)義上;
A, B, and C (其中AC是人，B是物，那么邏輯比較的雙方是AC,語(yǔ)法形式是否一致)
?、?比較是否簡(jiǎn)潔(比較省略的運(yùn)用)：
a. a as b 如果省略b這塊的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，那么比較就默認(rèn)為b這里的主謂和a一致;
b. 比較前后的動(dòng)詞是否可以省略：
Ambiguous: I like cheese more than Yvette. (Yvette可以是主語(yǔ)或者是賓語(yǔ))
Right: I like cheese more than Yvette. (=than Yvette like cheese)
Right: I like cheese more than I do Yvette. (=than I like Yvette)
. 比較最重要的看的，是兩者是否可以比較;(可比性)
3. 比較注意點(diǎn)：
原則： 選擇正確的比較;
排除： 排除不正確的比較形式;
形式： 1) as...as
2) more/less/greater/higher...than
3) like/unlike (必須兩個(gè)名詞)
舉例： The new SUV uses gas more quickly as the small sedan does 錯(cuò)誤
The new SUV uses gas more quickly than the small sedan does. 正確
排除： 沒有形成正確的邏輯比較;
原則： 在比較中，"that"可以用來替代單數(shù)物體的比較;"those"是用來比較復(fù)數(shù)的。
舉例： The couches in the living room are smaller than that in the den. 錯(cuò)誤
The couches in the living room are smaller than those in the den. 正確
Unlike the head chef, whose dishes are always healthy, the assistant chef's are quite unhealthy. 錯(cuò)誤
Unlike the head chef's dishes, whose dishes are always healthy, the assistant chef's are quite unhealthy. 正確
暗示： 當(dāng)你看到比較選項(xiàng)詞出現(xiàn)，比較詞請(qǐng)考慮是否用比較來做題目
(比較是考察的核心，即選項(xiàng)里比較的差異性會(huì)是題目的考點(diǎn))
?????? #GMAT語(yǔ)法比較形式#
4. 比較的形式：
1)邏輯意思表達(dá)清晰，比較種類匹配;
① 常見的(主謂全)比較結(jié)構(gòu)
a. 主語(yǔ)比較
A do sth than B do (AB為對(duì)等名詞，加do是為了顯示這是一個(gè)可以發(fā)出動(dòng)作的名詞，因而確定是主語(yǔ)，進(jìn)而確定是主語(yǔ)對(duì)比)
b. 介賓比較
A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2 (C1C2, D1D2對(duì)等名詞)
注意一定要是介賓才能直接跟在than后面,不要造成歧義
The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than outside the racks. 錯(cuò)
The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than did those outside the racks. 對(duì)
(Clothes inside the store和outside the racks做比較，第一句比較的是衣服和racks)
c. 賓語(yǔ)比較
A do C1 than C2 (C1C2為對(duì)等名詞)
d. 狀語(yǔ)比較
A do sth than usual/ ever before/ people expected
?、?一種句型只有主謂，沒有賓語(yǔ)的句子，因?yàn)闆]有賓語(yǔ)，只可能有主語(yǔ)比較，因而不需要重復(fù)do來確認(rèn)這是一個(gè)可發(fā)出動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)。
a. I eat faster than you. 我吃的比你快。
b. I eat apple faster than you do. 我吃蘋果比你吃蘋果快。
c. I eat apple faster than you. 我吃蘋果比吃你快。
2)比較對(duì)象對(duì)等清晰，清晰界定比較關(guān)系元素
比較對(duì)象清晰對(duì)等，因本著為對(duì)方著想的思路，讓比較兩方讀起來更加清晰好懂
A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.
a. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
b. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
答案是2 times和times在比; 1的話 a ratio和times在比 所以2更加清晰簡(jiǎn)潔
3)簡(jiǎn)潔原則：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略
?、?所有格省略
前句有明確說明所有物是什么東西，后句的就可以省略。
P. S. 所有格或者所有物單復(fù)數(shù)都可以，只有邏輯意思合理就行。
EG: My car is bigger than Brian’s (car). My toes are longer than Brian’s (toes)
?、?比較從句可以省略賓語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)甚至整個(gè)從句，只要邏輯意思合理。
EG: whereas I drink 2 quarts of milk a day, my friend drink 3 (quarts).
I walk faster than Brian (walks)
I walk as fast now as (I walked) when I was young
?、?為了不造成歧義，需要添加動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，以保持邏輯含義鮮明。
EG: Visual eats more carrots than donuts. (donuts必須為賓語(yǔ)才能省略)
Ambiguous: I like cheese more than Yvette. (Yvette可以是主語(yǔ)或者是賓語(yǔ))
Right: I like cheese more than Yvette. (=than Yvette like cheese)
Right: I like cheese more than I do Yvette. (=than I like Yvette)
?、?As/than 分句中省略
a. 省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及補(bǔ)足部分。
? This house is not SO expensive as the other one
? Does she dance as gracefully as her sister?
? She is more highly regarded than he
b. 省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的補(bǔ)足部分
? The end of the movie wasn’t as good as the beginning was
? John drove much more carefully than Tom did.
c. 省略主動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)不同則保留賓語(yǔ)。如果賓語(yǔ)相同則連同主動(dòng)詞一起省略。
? Mary has known peter better than she has (known) John.
? George writes as neatly as John does
?、?眾多例句中可以看出，當(dāng)比較結(jié)構(gòu)是同質(zhì)事物之間的比較，即比較項(xiàng)相同時(shí)，比較結(jié)構(gòu)必須采取這樣或那樣的省略形式。這顯然成了比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一大特點(diǎn)。
⑥ 省略與歧義：
比較結(jié)構(gòu)通?？傆行┎糠直皇÷?， 如果省略后比較分句只剩下一個(gè)名詞詞組， 那么這個(gè)名詞詞組通常不是主語(yǔ)就是賓語(yǔ)。
a. I speak Greek better than you (speak Greek)
b. The photographs disappointed my parents more than (they disappointed) me.
如果省略后剩下的那個(gè)名詞詞組既可以看做比較分句的主語(yǔ)，也可以看作賓語(yǔ)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)歧義現(xiàn)象。
I like to play Ping-Pong with john better than Peter.
I like to play Ping-Pong with John better than (I like to play Ping-Pong with) Peter.
我喜歡和彼得打乒乓球，我更喜歡和約翰打球
I like to play Ping-Pong with John better than Peter (like to play Ping-Pong with) Peter. 我比彼得更喜歡和約翰打球。
⑦ 在省略部分比較內(nèi)容的時(shí)候，代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要一致 (that of/those of)
