The widely accepted notion that skipping breakfast might cause weight gain entered the Dietary Guidelines in 2010. However, it is based on scientific speculation, not certainty. Indeed, it may be completely unfounded, as an experiment in New York indicated.
不吃早餐可能會長胖這一觀點(diǎn)為人們普遍接受。這一觀念也被寫進(jìn)了2010年版的《膳食指南》。然而，它卻是基于科學(xué)猜測，并非出于定論。的確，紐約進(jìn)行的一則實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，這個(gè)觀念也許能被全盤推翻。

“In overweight individuals, skipping breakfast daily for 4 weeks leads to a reduction in body weight,” the researchers from Columbia University concluded in a paper published last year.
來自哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究員們在去年發(fā)表的一篇論文中表示：“對于過重的人們而言，四周內(nèi)每天不吃早餐能減少體重?！?/div>

The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee explained that in previous years, researchers generally conducted observational studies, in support of the notion that skipping breakfast might make one fat. Although this method is cheaper and easier to carry out, its weaknesses can lead scientists astray.
膳食指南咨詢委員會解釋道，前些年研究員們?yōu)榱擞∽C不吃早餐也許會使人長胖的觀念，通常采取觀測研究。盡管這種研究方法更廉價(jià)、更容易實(shí)行，但它存在的缺點(diǎn)會讓科學(xué)家們的研究方向走偏。

One of the primary troubles is confounders, which can lead researchers to make mistaken assumptions about causes. For example, suppose breakfast skippers have a personality trait that makes them more likely to gain weight than breakfast eaters. If that’s the case, it may look as if skipping breakfast causes weight gain even though the cause is the personality trait.
混淆因素是主要問題之一，它們會讓研究人員們對原因做出錯(cuò)誤的猜想。舉個(gè)例，假設(shè)不吃早餐者更容易增重是源于其性格。如果情況便是如此，那么事實(shí)也許看起來是不吃早餐導(dǎo)致人增重，即使罪魁禍?zhǔn)资切愿裉卣鳌?/div>

In analyzing the results of observational studies, scientists make statistical adjustments to minimize the potential confounding factors that they can measure — age, alcohol consumption, exercise, employment, and the like. But the adjustments are imprecise, and there is no guarantee that the groups are not different in some other unmeasured way.?Because of those weaknesses, many scientists prefer randomized controlled trials, which they often say provides the "gold standard" in evidence.
在分析觀測試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果時(shí)，科學(xué)家們會對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，力圖減少他們所能測量到的潛在混淆因素，如年齡、酒精消耗量、鍛煉、就業(yè)率等。但這些調(diào)整是不精確的，而且也沒人能保證這樣分組在其它某些未測量的方面一致。因?yàn)檫@些不足，許多科學(xué)家們更傾向于做隨機(jī)控制實(shí)驗(yàn)。他們總稱這種實(shí)驗(yàn)方式能提供黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為證據(jù)。

When in the coming months the government unveils the 2015 Dietary Guidelines, it is unclear the advice on breakfast and weight gain will be included. The 2015 advisory committee issued a report that steered clear of the subject of skipping breakfast and weight.
在未來的幾個(gè)月內(nèi)，美國政府要公布2015年的《膳食指南》，人們尚不知關(guān)于早餐和體重增加的建議是否會被納入其中。2015年的咨詢委員會發(fā)布的報(bào)告就繞開了不吃早餐和體重這個(gè)主題。

President of Millennium Prevention, a life sciences start-up company, and chair of the 2015 advisory committee,?Barbara Millen?said, “The sentiment was we don’t have to say anything further about it. We didn’t want to focus on a laundry list of foods and meals. We were focusing on overall dietary patterns.”
生物科學(xué)創(chuàng)業(yè)公司（Millennium Prevention）總裁兼2015年咨詢委員會主席芭芭拉·米倫稱：“我認(rèn)為不吃早餐和體重之間的關(guān)系探討并不是頭號問題，我的觀點(diǎn)是我們不需要再對它進(jìn)一步討論。我們不想要將重點(diǎn)放在食物和餐飲的細(xì)目清單上，我們的重心在整體的膳食模式。”

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