(1)定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如:
·This isthe house which we bought last month.
這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性)
·Thehouse, which we bought last month, is very nice.
這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性)
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如:
·CharlesSmith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
·Myhouse, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年買的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。
· Thisnovel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
(3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如:
·Heseems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。
·Liquidwater changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。
說(shuō)明:關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。