基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法講解—如何識(shí)別同位語(yǔ)
作者:素衣
2016-06-02 10:03
1. 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)
對(duì)于同位語(yǔ)的識(shí)別,可以從它的作用著手。由于同位語(yǔ)的作用是解釋說(shuō)明,考研英語(yǔ)的文章中也經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些特殊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),比如,破折號(hào),冒號(hào)和括號(hào)。這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)在漢語(yǔ)中有解釋說(shuō)明的作用,英語(yǔ)亦如此。因此,這些特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)之后,通常是一些同位語(yǔ)成分。來(lái)看兩道真題例句。
? As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.(2014年Text3)
解析:本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句首是as引導(dǎo)的定從;其后是there be句型的存在句,其中兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間是同位語(yǔ)成分,對(duì)science prizes進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。
重點(diǎn)詞匯:Nature 《自然》雜志;legitimate 合理的;concerns 關(guān)心,關(guān)注;distribute 發(fā)放;
參考譯文:正如《自然》雜志之前提出的那樣,我們可以合理地關(guān)注科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)(新舊都有)是如何發(fā)放的。
Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.(2014年翻譯49題)
解析:本句中,“Especially significant was his view of freedom”是整句話的主干部分,同時(shí)也是一個(gè)表系主的倒裝句;其后,which引導(dǎo)定從,修飾his view of freedom;冒號(hào)之后是同位語(yǔ)成分,解釋說(shuō)明主干部分中的his view of freedom
重點(diǎn)單詞:significant重要的;be associated with與...相關(guān);responsibilities責(zé)任;advocate倡導(dǎo);
expression表達(dá);
參考譯文:他自由的觀點(diǎn)尤其重要,對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),這種觀點(diǎn)與個(gè)人的權(quán)利和責(zé)任相關(guān),即:他倡導(dǎo)思想和個(gè)人表達(dá)的自由。
2. 舉例處
常見(jiàn)的一些舉例詞,比如 namely,such as, particularly, especially and etc. 這些舉例的連詞之后,通常是同位語(yǔ)成分,對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。
?But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review. (2015年Text3)
解析:本句結(jié)構(gòu)為主謂賓,其中賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的賓從,賓從的主語(yǔ)是biomedical journals,其后是such as引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)成分,謂賓部分:pay strong attention to statistical review
重點(diǎn)詞匯:note 指出;biomedical journals 生物醫(yī)學(xué)周刊;statistical review 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字評(píng)論;
參考譯文:但是,他指出一些生物醫(yī)學(xué)周刊,比如,《內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)年鑒》 《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)期刊》和《刺血針》 應(yīng)著重關(guān)心統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字評(píng)論。
Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
解析:本句是簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)Global challenges and social innovation;謂賓部分:ought to receive much more attention from scientists,同位語(yǔ)成分:especially the young ones.
重點(diǎn)詞匯:challenges 挑戰(zhàn);innovation 創(chuàng)新;
參考譯文:全球性挑戰(zhàn)和社會(huì)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)該受到科學(xué)家的關(guān)注,尤其是年輕的科學(xué)家。