虛擬條件句的三種基本類型
虛擬條件句的三種基本類型:與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反、與過去事實(shí)相反、與將來事實(shí)相反。今天,小編就來給大家講解一下虛擬條件句的相關(guān)語法,一起來看看吧!
條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)(虛擬)條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的,而非真實(shí)條件句則通常表示一種假想,與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會(huì)發(fā)生:
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有時(shí)間,我就同他們?nèi)ァ?陳述語氣)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你,我就同他們?nèi)ァ?虛擬語氣)
▲ 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”:
If I knew her number ,I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼,我就可以給她打電話了。(可惜我不知道)
▲與過去事實(shí)相反
若與過去事實(shí)相反,條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞),主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+have+過去分詞”:
If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。(但我動(dòng)身太遲了)
▲與將來事實(shí)相反
若與將來事實(shí)相反,條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”:
If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他會(huì)幫助我們。(不過我不打算這樣做)
注:幾點(diǎn)特別說明
1. 主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后。would, might, could的大致區(qū)別是:would表示結(jié)果,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允許或可能性。比較:
If you tried again ,you would succeed. 要是你再試一試,你就會(huì)成功的。(would表結(jié)果)
If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再試一試,你可能會(huì)成功的。(might表可能)
If you tried again ,you could succeed. 要是你再試一試,你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2. 對(duì)于與將來事實(shí)相反的情形,請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):一是這里說的與將來事實(shí)相反,實(shí)為對(duì)將來情況的推測(cè);二是此用法中的條件從句謂語除用過去式外,有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示可能性極小,常譯為“萬一”)或“were to+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè));三是當(dāng)條件從句使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語時(shí),主句謂語除可用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣外,也可用直陳語氣或祈使語氣:
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬一明天下雨,就不要等我了。(祈使語氣)
If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 萬一我見到他,我就告訴他。(直陳語氣)
?
怎么樣,看完了這篇小編精心為大家準(zhǔn)備的文章,有沒有感覺收獲滿滿呢?喜歡就趕快收藏起來吧~