科學60秒:太陽能“甩塵機”
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2011-05-13 00:03
文章較難，大家聽寫填空即可~
Imagine giant fields filled with [--1--] solar panels, [--2--]. The best spots to put such panels are obviously sunny, with little rain. But such places often come with lots of dust. And the panels have to stay dust-free: just a seventh of an ounce of dust per square yard of panel can decrease solar power conversion by 40 percent. And panels in Arizona might get covered with four times that much dust each month.
Cleaning the panels [--3--] uses precious water. So researchers are turning to dust-cleaning technology developed for one of the driest, dustiest locations possible: Mars. The work was reported at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society.
An [--4--] transparent material is deposited on glass or a plastic sheet that covers the panel. Sensors monitor the dust levels. Once the dust reaches a specified level, the system reacts and produces a charge, with electricity generated by the panel.
The charge creates a wave over the material’s surface that physically lifts the dust and [--5--] the edges. The system gets about 90 percent of the dust in a couple of minutes. So the panels can go back to soaking up rays.
Imagine giant fields filled with [--1--] solar panels, [--2--]. The best spots to put such panels are obviously sunny, with little rain. But such places often come with lots of dust. And the panels have to stay dust-free: just a seventh of an ounce of dust per square yard of panel can decrease solar power conversion by 40 percent. And panels in Arizona might get covered with four times that much dust each month.
Cleaning the panels [--3--] uses precious water. So researchers are turning to dust-cleaning technology developed for one of the driest, dustiest locations possible: Mars. The work was reported at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society.
An [--4--] transparent material is deposited on glass or a plastic sheet that covers the panel. Sensors monitor the dust levels. Once the dust reaches a specified level, the system reacts and produces a charge, with electricity generated by the panel.
The charge creates a wave over the material’s surface that physically lifts the dust and [--5--] the edges. The system gets about 90 percent of the dust in a couple of minutes. So the panels can go back to soaking up rays.
photovoltaic soaking up rays conventionally electrically-sensitive tosses it over
設想，一個巨大的場地上全是光電太陽能板在吸收光能。安放太陽能板的最佳地點當然要是陽光充沛，雨水少。不過這種地方一般都會有很多灰塵。偏偏太陽能板需要一個無塵的環(huán)境：每平方碼只要有七分之一盎司的塵土就會降低太陽能板40%的轉換效率。而亞利桑那州的太陽能板每個月被覆蓋的塵土達到其4倍。 常規(guī)太陽能板的清潔是使用水。因此研究人員將目標轉向在最干燥，揚塵最多的地方--火星開發(fā)除塵技術。該項工作已在美國化學學會的全國會議上報告。 把一種涂有對電很敏感的透明材料的玻璃或塑膠薄片覆蓋在太陽能板上。用傳感器檢測粉塵量。當粉塵達到一定量，系統(tǒng)將發(fā)生反應并產(chǎn)生一個電荷，太陽能板產(chǎn)生電流。 這個電荷在材料表面產(chǎn)生一個波動，這個波動會將灰塵彈起并甩至邊緣。此系統(tǒng)可在幾分鐘之內(nèi)甩掉90%的粉塵，這樣太陽能板可以繼續(xù)吸收太陽能。