科學60秒:大象搭配，干活不累
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2011-07-23 10:00
Elephants are smart, social animals.And now we know that they can organize themselves into teams to accomplish tasks.
A research team that included renowned primatologist Franz de Waal taught 12 Thai elephants—who already work with human trainers called mahouts—to get a bowl of food by pulling a rope _____1_____ an out-of-reach table.
Then the scientists threaded the rope so that it would take two elephants, pulling both ends at the same time, to move the table.If one _____2_____ an end without its helpmate doing so, no reward.
The pachyderms were _____3_____.Only if they pulled together could they get the food.The elephants tried the task when they were released _____4_____ or at staggered times.Even when the release was staggered, an elephant quickly learned that it had to wait for its partner to come and cooperate to get the food.This finding was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Elephants are thus on par with apes for fast learning of _____5_____ with a partner.
When grouped, individuals also remembered which of the others was their task partner.Because an elephant never forgets…who helped it rope a meal.
【視聽版科學小組榮譽出品】
A research team that included renowned primatologist Franz de Waal taught 12 Thai elephants—who already work with human trainers called mahouts—to get a bowl of food by pulling a rope _____1_____ an out-of-reach table.
Then the scientists threaded the rope so that it would take two elephants, pulling both ends at the same time, to move the table.If one _____2_____ an end without its helpmate doing so, no reward.
The pachyderms were _____3_____.Only if they pulled together could they get the food.The elephants tried the task when they were released _____4_____ or at staggered times.Even when the release was staggered, an elephant quickly learned that it had to wait for its partner to come and cooperate to get the food.This finding was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Elephants are thus on par with apes for fast learning of _____5_____ with a partner.
When grouped, individuals also remembered which of the others was their task partner.Because an elephant never forgets…who helped it rope a meal.
【視聽版科學小組榮譽出品】
attached to yanked paired up simultaneously deliberate cooperation
大象搭配，干活不累 大象是聰明的群居動物。我們還知道它們可以自己組成團隊來完成任務。 由知名靈長類動物學家Franz de Waal等人組成的研究小組，找到十二頭已被馴象師訓練過的泰國大象，讓它們學著拉一條系在遠處桌子上的繩子來獲取一碗食物。之后科學家將繩子串起來，這樣就需要兩頭大象同時拉起繩子尾端來移動桌子。如果其中之一猛拉繩子一端，而它的隊友并沒這么做，就不能得到食物。 兩頭大象為一組，只有一起拉繩子，它們才能得到食物。當它們被同時或交錯地釋放出來時，它們嘗試去完成任務。即使是交錯釋放出來，它們也會立刻意識到需要等待搭檔的到來，通過合作才能得到食物。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表在《美國國家科學院院刊》上。所以，大象通過思考進行合作的快速學習能力可以與猿類相媲美。當它們群聚時，它們依舊記得誰是自己的任務伙伴。因為大象永遠不會忘記誰幫它獲得了一頓美餐。