現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，主要用于表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常有“意圖”“安排”或“打算”的含義。這種現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，給人一種期待感。 它常表最近或較近的將來(lái)，所用動(dòng)詞多是轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞。 表將來(lái)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)除用于轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞外，亦可用于某些非轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞。能這樣用的動(dòng)詞常用的有：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work 等。
如：I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。They’re getting married next month. 他們下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。Are you meeting Bill this evening? 你今晚將和比爾見面嗎?

1) come, go, stay, arrive, leave 等詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)確切的計(jì)劃。
2) 表示交通方式、行程安排的動(dòng)詞，例如 fly，walk, ride, drive, take(a bus, a taxi)等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也經(jīng)常用于表示將來(lái)。
如：但偶爾也表示較遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)。如：
When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我長(zhǎng)大了要參軍。

3）表將來(lái)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有“決心”的意思，多用在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
I’m not going. 我不走了。
I’m not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。
有時(shí)也用在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
I’m backing out. 我要打退堂鼓了。
4）用這種現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與對(duì)方講話時(shí)可變成命令，不過(guò)語(yǔ)氣比較溫和。如：
?You are staying. 你留下吧。
?Don’t forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘記：你也要參加。
5）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可在時(shí)間、條件或原因狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)。如：
when you are passing my way, please drop in. 你什么時(shí)候路過(guò)我們家，請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)坐。（用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
If they are not doing it, what I am I to do? 如果他們不干，那我該怎么辦？（用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句）
?She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled.
6）表示將來(lái)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用在間接引語(yǔ)中，表示說(shuō)話人相信它將是事實(shí)。如：
He said he is going tomorrow. 他說(shuō)他明天走。
表將來(lái)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)從屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如：
On election night we’ll be telling you what’s happening in various places in this country. 到了選舉的夜晚，我們將把全國(guó)各地的情況告訴大家。
when I have time, I’ll come down to the school to see how you’re both doing. 我有空時(shí)，會(huì)來(lái)學(xué)?？茨銈儌z的學(xué)習(xí)情況。

㈡ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考查熱點(diǎn)及應(yīng)對(duì)方法

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)的重要內(nèi)容，通過(guò)初中的學(xué)習(xí)，我們知道它一般表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，然而對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的掌握還要把握以下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：

一、考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表目前這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表目前這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行，但此時(shí)此刻不在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
1. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change
答案為A。認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境可知，該句雖不強(qiáng)調(diào)科技此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)展，但卻強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)階段正高速發(fā)展，因此應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

2. Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
答案為C。熱帶雨林之所以要消失，是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)階段正在被快速砍伐和燒毀，盡管此時(shí)此刻不一定有人在這樣做，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
方法揭秘：認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境，體會(huì)出動(dòng)作此刻不在進(jìn)行，但目前這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行。

二、考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表一貫性動(dòng)作的用法
考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, constantly等副詞連用時(shí)，可表反復(fù)性、一貫性動(dòng)作，常用來(lái)表示贊揚(yáng)或厭惡的感情色彩。
3. He_______ of how he can do more for the people.
　　A. had always thought B. is always thinking
　　C. has always been thoughtD. thinking always
解析：答案為B。由語(yǔ)境邏輯及always含義可知，該句表示他總是在考慮如何為人們多做點(diǎn)事，這是一個(gè)一貫性、反復(fù)性動(dòng)作，帶有強(qiáng)烈的贊揚(yáng)色彩，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

方法揭秘：尋找always,constantly等頻度副詞；認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境是否表示一貫性動(dòng)作；分析講話者是否對(duì)該動(dòng)作含有贊揚(yáng)或厭惡的感情色彩。

三、考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作的用法
考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：come，go，leave，arrive，start，fly，drive等嚴(yán)格按照時(shí)間表發(fā)生的表"起、止"的動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
4. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.
A. has left B. is leavingC. had left D. has been leaving
解析：答案為B。分析語(yǔ)境邏輯可知，該空表將來(lái)動(dòng)作，因?yàn)閘eave表"出發(fā)"，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

方法揭秘：分析語(yǔ)境是否表將來(lái)動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞是否表起止。

在正式的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法里，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)用來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作．例如：
We are meeting him after the performance.
I'm going to Qingdao for the summer holiday.
When is Mr Manning taking his holiday?
用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法海常見于某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)分句核條件狀語(yǔ)分句中．例如：
I'll think about it while you're writing the report.
When you are talking with him,take care not to mention this.
注意，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，在句中或上下文通常有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或其他依據(jù)，否則意義便含糊不清．
比較：
Are you doing anything special tonight?(表示將來(lái))
Are you doing anything special now?（表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）
Are you doing anything special ?（可作以上兩種解釋，以上下文而定）

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示將來(lái)，主要用于表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

如：I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。

They’re getting married next month. 他們下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。

Are you meeting Bill this evening? 你今晚將和比爾見面嗎?

能這樣用的動(dòng)詞不多，常用的有：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work 等。順便說(shuō)一句，我們除可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)外，還可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，兩者的區(qū)別是：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，其計(jì)劃性較強(qiáng)，并往往暗示一種意圖；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，則其客觀性較強(qiáng)，即通常被視為客觀事實(shí)，多指按時(shí)刻表或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的情況。

比較：I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不準(zhǔn)備出去。

What time does the train leave? 火車什么時(shí)候開? 火車什么時(shí)候開?

如果主語(yǔ)是train, concert, programme 等表示事物的名詞，動(dòng)詞通常一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，而不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：What time does the train leave? 火車什么時(shí)候開?The program begins at 4. 這個(gè)節(jié)目四點(diǎn)開始。

練一練！
1. Betty __________(leave) for Guangzhou by plane at 3 this afternoon. Her brother Bob _________(see) her off. It’s half past one now. They____________ (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate.
2. The Browns __________ (go) to the North China by train next week. They _________ (stay) in Beijing for a week. They ________(go) to Xi’an. They ____________(get) there by air.
3. Some friends___________ (come) to Anne’s birthday party this evening. Anne’s mother ___ (be) busy ______ (get) ready for the birthday dinner. Anne _________(help) her mother now.
is leaving, is seeing, are waiting, are going, are staying, are going, are getting, are coming, is… getting, is helping

注意！

另外，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，還可用以下幾種形式：

① will / shall＋動(dòng)詞原形
I shall be seventeen years old next month.

② be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。
We are going to have a meeting today．

③be to＋動(dòng)詞原形：表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見。
Are we to go on with this work?

④be about to＋動(dòng)詞原形，表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.
我正要去游泳，這時(shí)向?qū)Т舐暯形也灰ァ?/p>

⑤ be ＋動(dòng)詞的ing形式：表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事, 含義是 “預(yù)定要……” 這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用趨向動(dòng)詞 go, arrive, come , leave, start, stay , return 和 play , do , have , work, wear, spend , see, meet等 。 　　
--- When are you going off for your holiday?
你什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去度假?
--- My plane is taking off at 9:20, so I must be at the airport by 8:30.
我乘坐的飛機(jī)將于9:20分起飛, 所以我必須在8:30之前趕到機(jī)場(chǎng).

⑥一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)
(1)按規(guī)定預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的未來(lái)動(dòng)作,僅限于動(dòng)詞come, go, leave, move, start, return, arrive, begin, stay等動(dòng)詞.
The plane takes off at 10:10. That is , it’s leaving in ten minutes.

(2)用在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)
If you do that again, I’ll hit you.

(3)用在I bet 和I hope后面, 常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).
I bet you don’t get up before ten tomorrow.
我敢說(shuō)你明天不到10點(diǎn)是不會(huì)起床的.

⑦單純敘述未來(lái)的事實(shí)，可以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可表示按計(jì)劃安排將來(lái)要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作。
實(shí)例：
At this time tomorrow __ B ____ over the Atlantic.（2003北京）
A. we’re going to fly　B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll fly　　　　 D. we're to fly
　

練習(xí)題
1. ---Did you write to Grace last summer?
---No, but I'll ______ her over Christmas vacation.
A. be seen　　　　B. have seen　　　 C. be seeing　　　 D. to see

2. ---I’m going to the States?
---How long ___ you___ in the States?
A. are; stayed　　 B. are; staying　　C. have; stayed　D. did; stay

3. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ____ my mum.
taking B. have taken
C. take D. will have taken

4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy take because technology ____ so rapidly.
change B. has changed
C. will have changedD. is changing　

5. --- You’ve left the light on.
---Oh, I have. ___ and turn it off.
A.I goB. I’ve gone
C. I’ll goD. I’m going

6. --- Is this raincoat yours?.
---No, mine____ there behind the door.
hangingB. has hung
C. hangs D. hung　　　

7. --- What’s that terrible noise?
---The neighbours____ for a party.
prepared B. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare　

8. Because the shop ____, all the T-shirts are sold at half prices.
closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down

9. --- Can I join the club, Dad?
--- You can when you ___ a bit old.
B. will get C. are gettingD. will have got

10. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child.
to blameB. is going to blame
C. is to be blamedD. should blame

11. At this time tomorrow, ____ over the Atlantic.
going to fly B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll flyD. we’re to fly

12. ---Are you still busy?
--- Yes, I my work, and it won’t take long.
finishB. am just finishing
C. have just finishedD. am just going to finish

13. ---Did you tell Julia about the result?
--- Oh, no, I forgot. I ____ her now.
be calling B. will call
C. call D. am to call

14. ---What are you going to do this afternoon?
--- I’m going to the cinema with some friends. The film ___ quite early, so we ___ to the bookstore after that.
ed; are going B. finished; go
C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go

答案：1—5 CBADC 6—10 ABCAA 11—14 BBBC

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作
1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還?？捎脕?lái)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，這時(shí)常有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，多指已計(jì)劃安排好的事：
I’m meeting Peter tonight. He’s taking me to the theatre.今晚我要和彼得見面，他將帶我去看戲。
I’m flying to Hond Kong tomorrow. 我明天飛香港。
I’m not going out tonight. I’m staying at home. 今晚我不出去，我要待在家里。
When is Helen coming home? 海倫什么時(shí)候回家？
They’re getting married next month. 他們下月結(jié)婚。
They’re spending the summer at Switzerland. 他們準(zhǔn)備在瑞士過(guò)夏天。

［注］在以事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按時(shí)間安排的活動(dòng)：
The train leaves at 9:30. 火車九點(diǎn)半開。
The fashion show starts at 7. 時(shí)裝表演七點(diǎn)開始的。
The progarmme begins at 10. 這個(gè)節(jié)目十點(diǎn)開始。

以人為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示計(jì)劃要做的事:
Nancy isn’t coming to the party. 南希不來(lái)參加晚會(huì)了。

2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用在時(shí)間和條件從句中表示未來(lái)情況：
You must visit Switzerland when you are travelling in Europe. 你在歐洲旅行時(shí)一定要訪問(wèn)瑞士。
If she’s still waiting, tell her to go home. 如果她還在等，可以讓她回家。
You can do some reading while you are waiting for the train. 你等火車時(shí)可以看看書。
Suppose it’s still raining tomorrow, shall we go?假定明天還在下雨，我們要去嗎?

3）be going to結(jié)構(gòu)表示：
a．準(zhǔn)備或打算做某事：
Is he going to lecture in Englsih or in Chinese? 他打算用英語(yǔ)還是用漢語(yǔ)講課？
He’s going to be a dentist when he grows up. 他長(zhǎng)大了打算當(dāng)牙醫(yī)。
What are you going to do when you get your degree?你拿了學(xué)位后打算干什么？
He’s going to buy a new car. 他準(zhǔn)備買一輛新車。
She is not going to be there tonight. 她今晚不準(zhǔn)備到那里。

b．即將發(fā)生的事或要發(fā)生的事:
My cousin is going to have a baby. 我表姐要生孩子了。
Amy is going to leave soon, isn’t she? 艾米不久就要走了，是嗎？
I’m going to be sick. 我要病倒了。
There’s going to be a thunderstorm. 雷雨即將與來(lái)臨。
It’s going to be warm tomorrow. 明天天氣會(huì)很暖和。

在這種結(jié)構(gòu)后也可跟go，come這類詞：
Where are you going to go during the holiday? 假期你準(zhǔn)備去哪里？
They’re going to come with me. 他們準(zhǔn)備和我一道去。
?