Students in my regular daytime classroom are studying health care this week, so the word “hurt” has come up several times recently.
這周，我班上的學(xué)生正在學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)療保健相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以最近常常遇到“hurt”這個(gè)詞。

1. The verb “hurt” can be transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb is followed by an object:
動(dòng)詞“hurt”既可以是及物的，又可以是不及物的。作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面要接賓語(yǔ)，意為“傷害，使受傷”。

Joe hurt his back. (The word “back” is an object.)
喬弄傷了自己的背。

Rita hurt her finger. (The word “finger” is an object.)
麗塔弄傷了自己的手指。

2. An intransitive verb doesn’t require an object. The sentence can end with the verb:
作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面則不需要接賓語(yǔ)，意為“疼痛”。句子可以以該動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾。

Joe’s back hurts.
喬的背受傷了。

Rita’s finger hurts.
麗塔的手指受傷了。

My eyes hurt.
我的眼睛受傷了。

(Notice the difference between the singular and the plural in the present tense?)
（注意到一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)別了嗎？）

3. You often hear “hurt” in the passive voice:
“hurt”常被用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里。

Joe’s back was hurt in an accident.
喬的背是在一場(chǎng)事故中弄傷的。

Several people were hurt in the fire.
許多人在這次火災(zāi)中受傷了。

His feelings were hurt by the girl’s rude comments.
那個(gè)女孩無(wú)禮的評(píng)論讓他感到很受傷。

Their chances of getting a loan have been hurt by their poor credit history.
他們的不良信用歷史使得他們沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)獲得貸款。

4.?The verb “hurt” can also be used to describe a problem:
“hurt”也可以用來(lái)描述出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，意為“產(chǎn)生不良影響”。

He hurt his chances of getting the job by arriving at the interview late.
面試遲到讓他失去了得到這份工作的機(jī)會(huì)。

High oil prices hurt the economy.
高昂的油價(jià)導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣。

High prices on food hurt consumers.
高漲的食品價(jià)格傷害了消費(fèi)者。

A long separation can hurt a relationship.
長(zhǎng)期的分離會(huì)破壞一段關(guān)系。

It doesn’t hurt to practice before a game. In fact, it improves the team’s chances of winning.
在比賽前練習(xí)并沒(méi)有什么不好。事實(shí)上，這能夠提升一支隊(duì)伍的勝算。

5. There’s one last thing to mention. The verb “hurt” is irregular, so sometimes it’s difficult to determine the tense of the verb:
還有一點(diǎn)值得一提，“hurt”是個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)候很難判斷它的時(shí)態(tài)：

原型simple: hurt

過(guò)去式past: hurt

過(guò)去分詞past participle: hurt

?My feet hurt right now. (present tense, plural 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù))
我的腳現(xiàn)在受傷了。

?My feet hurt yesterday. (past tense, plural 一般過(guò)去時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù))
我的腳昨天受傷了。

?My feet have hurt for the last week. (present perfect tense, plural 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù))
從上個(gè)禮拜起我的腳就已經(jīng)受傷了。

?Her tooth hurts. (present tense, singular 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，單數(shù))
她的牙齒受傷了。

?Her tooth hurt yesterday. (past tense, singular 一般過(guò)去式，單數(shù))
她的牙齒昨天受傷了。

?Her tooth has been hurting for the last week or so. (present perfect continuous tense, singular 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，單數(shù))
從大約上個(gè)禮拜起她的牙齒就受傷了。