【專八interview系列】第八期 (3/4)
來源:滬江聽寫酷
2014-05-12 04:00
Hints:
Ottawa
Conference of Health Promotion
socio-ecological
depletion
I'm beginning to see your point. A single lifestyle decides nothing if not integrated with a good environment.
That's right. So during the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social,
economic and environmental contexts in which people live.
This is a new concept of health. And I heard it's called the socio-ecological view, isn't it?
Yes. In 1986, representatives from 38 countries gathered in Ottawa, Canada, to hold the first international Conference of Health Promotion. It was at that conference that the broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed.
What were the details of the endorsement?
Well, the representatives declared that the fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Moreover, improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic requirements. From this statement, we can find that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviors and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. It must include addressing such issues as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depletion, social alienation and poor working conditions.
我慢慢理解你的意思了。如果沒有良好的環(huán)境,單一的生活方式?jīng)]有任何決定作用。
是的。所以,在20世紀(jì)八九十年代,人們普遍認(rèn)為生活方式的風(fēng)險是不健康的根本原因。盡管生活方式很重要,人們生活的社會環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境和生態(tài)環(huán)境也會影響健康。
這是一種新的健康觀念。我聽說這被稱為社會生態(tài)學(xué)觀點(diǎn),是嗎?
是的。1986年,來自38個國家的代表齊聚加拿大渥太華,參加首屆國際健康促進(jìn)會議。在這次會議上,廣義的社會生態(tài)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)被提出。
觀點(diǎn)的具體內(nèi)容是什么呢?
代表們聲稱,健康的基本條件和資源是:和平的政治環(huán)境,穩(wěn)定的住房,基本的教育,充足的食物,適當(dāng)?shù)氖杖耄€(wěn)定的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),可持續(xù)的資源供應(yīng),公正平等的社會。此外,健康的改善還需要這些基礎(chǔ)條件的安全保障。根據(jù)這個聲明,我們能夠發(fā)現(xiàn),要創(chuàng)造健康,不能僅靠鼓勵個人的運(yùn)動和生活方式,以及提供適當(dāng)?shù)尼t(yī)療保護(hù)。還必須解決貧困問題、污染問題、城市化問題、自然資源匱乏問題、社會疏遠(yuǎn)問題和工作條件不善等問題。