二是深化改革開(kāi)放，激發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展活力。
Second we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development.
激發(fā)······活力 invigorate
針對(duì)束縛發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙，我們通過(guò)全面深化改革，以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，啃了不少硬骨頭，經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明等體制改革全面推進(jìn)。
To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.
束縛： hold back （抑制；控制 | 阻擋，阻止，阻礙）
對(duì)沖： offset （抵消；補(bǔ)償）
硬骨頭：tough issues
體制改革：structural reforms
經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力：downward economic pressure
障礙： obstruction
各種障礙的說(shuō)法：obstacle,barrier,obstruction,bar,hindrance
這些名詞均含“障礙(物)”之意。
obstacle → 指在達(dá)到目的或前進(jìn)的過(guò)程中必須消除或繞過(guò)的障礙物，也指起阻礙作用等情況。obstacles on the race-course 賽馬跑道上設(shè)置的障礙物 obstacles to world peace 世界和平的障礙
barrier → 常指臨時(shí)的或者可能跨越的障礙。Show your ticket at the barrier. 請(qǐng)?jiān)跈z票處出示票以備查驗(yàn) barriers of race and religion 種族和宗教的鴻溝
obstruction → 常既指具體的障礙又可指抽象或喻意上的阻礙。 obstructions on the road, eg fallen trees 公路上的障礙物（如倒下的樹(shù)木） The government were defeated by the obstructionism of their opponents. 政府受到反對(duì)派阻撓而挫敗.
bar → 既可指阻止進(jìn)出或通過(guò)的柵欄一類的障礙物，也可用于抽象意義障礙。
Poor health may be a bar to success in life. 健康不佳可能成為人一生中取得成功的障礙.
hindrance /?h??nts/ → 指妨礙他人進(jìn)步或做事的人或物。 Some kitchen gadgets are more of a hindrance than a help. 有些靈巧的炊具非但沒(méi)有用處反而礙事. hindrance to traffic 交通障礙物
扎實(shí)推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)改革。
We have made solid progress in key reforms.
制定并實(shí)施深化財(cái)稅體制改革總體方案，預(yù)算管理制度和稅制改革取得重要進(jìn)展，專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付項(xiàng)目比上年減少 1/3 以上，一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付比重增加，地方政府性債務(wù)管理得到加強(qiáng)。
We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax systems. Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems.
The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened.
制定： formulate
其他制定的說(shuō)法:
制定法令：enact decrees
制定計(jì)劃 ：work out a plan; lay down a plan;
制定法令：enact decrees
制定法律：make laws
比重：proportion
專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付項(xiàng)目： items receiving special transfer payments
一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付：transfer payments for general purposes
減少 1/3 以上：over one third less than that of····
存款利率和匯率浮動(dòng)區(qū)間擴(kuò)大，民營(yíng)銀行試點(diǎn)邁出新步伐，“滬港通”試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)，外匯儲(chǔ)備、保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用范圍拓展。
The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded. New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis. The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened.
浮動(dòng)區(qū)間：floating ranges
存款利率和匯率：interest rates on deposits and exchange rates
滬港通：Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect
擴(kuò)大：expand
擴(kuò)展：broaden
能源、交通、環(huán)保、通信等領(lǐng)域價(jià)格改革加快。啟動(dòng)科技資金管理、考試招生、戶籍、機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度等改革。
Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated. We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination and enrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.
交通：transport
通信：communications
戶籍制度： the household registration system
機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位 Party and government offices and public institutions
養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度 the pension system for ····
這句里的 reform 搭配可以注意下，前文多處用的是 reforms of 或者reforms in，這里用的是 reforms to?
