亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的光明前景

The Asia-Pacific Economic Integration Forebodes a Bright Future

中國(guó)外交部國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)司司長(zhǎng) ?張軍

Zhang Jun, Director-General of the Department of International Economic Affairs at Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC

《南華早報(bào)》，2016年11月16日

South China Morning Post,16 November 2016

11月19日至20日，亞太經(jīng)合組織（APEC）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將聚首秘魯利馬，共商亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作大計(jì)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程處于關(guān)鍵時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)的背景下，本次會(huì)議受到各方高度關(guān)注。

The APEC Economic Leaders shall meet in Lima, Peru on November 19 and 20 to work on programs of vital importance, namely the economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific. With both economic globalization and regional economic integration at a critical juncture, the forthcoming meeting has been the focus of attention from various parties.

當(dāng)前，英國(guó)脫歐和民粹主義上升推高“反全球化”聲浪，貿(mào)易和投資作為經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化引擎的動(dòng)力減弱，保護(hù)主義上升。在此形勢(shì)下，亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化之路何去何從？如何化解經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化“開倒車”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？APEC作為亞太地區(qū)最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作機(jī)制，將如何發(fā)揮引領(lǐng)作用？

Today, Brexit and the rising populism have given rise to the voices of “anti-globalization”. With protectionism on the rise, trade and investment are losing momentum as a driving force of economic globalization. Under such circumstances, where should the regional economic integration of the Asia-Pacific be heading for? How shall we avert the risks of the economic globalization running in reverse gear? As the most important institution for economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific, how should APEC play its leading role?

經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化遭遇的困難不可否認(rèn)，但長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化不會(huì)止步，而會(huì)升級(jí)換擋進(jìn)入新階段。作為全球最具發(fā)展?jié)摿突盍Φ牡貐^(qū)，亞太區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化大趨勢(shì)未變，前景依然看好。

The difficulties arising from economic globalization and regional economic integration should not be denied. However, in the long run, economic globalization will not stop here. Rather, it will gear up and enter a new stage. As a region with the greatest development potential and vitality in the world, the general trend of the Asia-Pacific regional economic integration has remained unchanged and still holds a bright future.

經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展使各國(guó)之間的聯(lián)系日益緊密。開放帶來進(jìn)步，封閉導(dǎo)致落后，貿(mào)易投資合作不是零和游戲，各國(guó)總體上都是其中受益者。在今年9月二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會(huì)上，各方一致承諾，繼續(xù)努力建設(shè)開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，反對(duì)保護(hù)主義，促進(jìn)全球貿(mào)易和投資，同時(shí)要確保經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)提供惠及更多人的機(jī)遇，并得到公眾普遍支持。亞太作為全球最具增長(zhǎng)活力的地區(qū)，有責(zé)任扛起推進(jìn)包容性經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化這面大旗。

The development of economic globalization has bonded various economies increasingly closer. Opening-up makes for progress while enclosure leads to backwardness. As trade and investment cooperation is no zero-sum game, various economies are all beneficiaries therefrom on the whole. At the G20 Summit held in Hangzhou in September, various parties unanimously committed themselves to continuing their efforts for building an open world economy, opposing protectionism and promoting global trade and investment. At the same time, they have also ensured that the economic growth in the economically globalized world should provide opportunities to benefit more people and, thus, gain the universal public support. As the most vigorous region for growth in the world, the Asia-Pacific is obliged to hold high the banner of promoting inclusive economic globalization.

APEC成立于冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化興起之時(shí)，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化是APEC的安身立命之本，是APEC永不褪色的主題。面對(duì)反全球化浪潮，APEC將當(dāng)仁不讓成為搏浪穿濤的旗艦。成立27年來，APEC始終順應(yīng)發(fā)展潮流，致力于引領(lǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、深化區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化。APEC制定和推進(jìn)茂物目標(biāo)，促進(jìn)本地區(qū)貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化，初步形成亞太大市場(chǎng)。APEC確立構(gòu)建亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)的宏偉目標(biāo)，開啟了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的新紀(jì)元。

APEC came into being towards the end of the Cold War and the rise of the economic globalization with the regional economic integration as its soul and unfading theme. APEC will have no excuse but to brave the waves of anti-globalization as the flagship. Going along with the trends of the development in the past 27 years since its inception, APEC has committed itself to leading the economic globalization and deepening regional economic integration. APEC has promoted regional trade and investment liberalization and facilitation through advancing and enforcing the Bogor Goals, thus leading to an initial formation of a common Asia-Pacific market. APEC’s grand objective to establish a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) has ushered in a new era of regional economic integration.

APEC倡導(dǎo)互聯(lián)互通合作，頒發(fā)商務(wù)旅行卡，為一體化提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的硬件、軟件和人文基礎(chǔ)。APEC支持多邊貿(mào)易體制，承諾不采取新的貿(mào)易和投資壁壘，反對(duì)各種形式的保護(hù)主義。APEC助推全球價(jià)值鏈和供應(yīng)鏈合作，達(dá)成信息技術(shù)協(xié)定，推動(dòng)制定環(huán)境產(chǎn)品清單，注重解決下一代貿(mào)易投資問題，積極引領(lǐng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)潮流。

APEC has laid a solid foundation for integration through advocating cooperation in physical, institutional and people-to-people connectivities and issuing of the APEC Business Travel Cards (ABTC). APEC has supported the Multilateral Trading System, committed to relinquishing any new trade and investment barriers and opposed protectionism in whatever forms. APEC has taken a positive role in leading the world economic advances through promoting cooperation in global value chains and supply chains, concluding the Information Technology Agreement (ITA), pushing for the list of environmental goods and focusing on the next generation trade and investment issues.

APEC是集合了亞太地區(qū)主要發(fā)達(dá)成員和發(fā)展中成員的區(qū)域組織，各成員發(fā)展階段、開放水平不一，具有充分的多樣性。APEC秉持自主自愿、協(xié)商一致的非約束性合作方式，自下而上、循序漸進(jìn)達(dá)成共識(shí)，而非通過磋商談判和主權(quán)讓渡推進(jìn)議程。APEC尊重各成員特殊需求，注重培育亞太大家庭精神和命運(yùn)共同體意識(shí)，維護(hù)良好和諧的合作氛圍，創(chuàng)造了發(fā)展水平懸殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)體共同推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的典范。APEC致力于共同發(fā)展，大力開展經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作，幫助發(fā)展中成員加強(qiáng)能力建設(shè)，不讓任何一方在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化大潮中掉隊(duì)。

APEC has featured sufficient diversity as a regional organization by gathering major developed and developing members at the same time with different stages of development and at various levels of opening in the Asia-Pacific. Refraining from resorting to negotiations and sovereignty transfer, APEC has carried forward its agenda by way of voluntary and non-binding cooperation featuring consultative consensus through a bottom-up and step-by-step approach. Respecting the special needs of its members, nurturing the communal consciousness and awareness of being locked in a community with shared destiny in the Asia-Pacific, and maintaining a favorable and harmonious environment for cooperation, APEC has made itself a role model in regional economic integration jointly promoted by economies at vastly different stages of development. APEC is committed to common development through vigorous implementation of economic and technical cooperation and assistance to developing members in capacity building so as to ensure that no party is left behind by the tide of economic globalization.

APEC應(yīng)抓住今年利馬會(huì)議的契機(jī)，繼續(xù)全面、系統(tǒng)地推進(jìn)亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)進(jìn)程。建設(shè)亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)是對(duì)反全球化的有力回應(yīng)，也是亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程中的一劑良藥。一方面，亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)包容性強(qiáng)，使處于不同發(fā)展水平的經(jīng)濟(jì)體都有機(jī)會(huì)參與，充分照顧各經(jīng)濟(jì)體發(fā)展需求和舒適度，其建成后的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益將超過任何現(xiàn)有區(qū)域自貿(mào)安排。另一方面，亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)將為整合本地區(qū)自貿(mào)安排，化解區(qū)域合作“碎片化”挑戰(zhàn)，也為未來亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化合作指明方向。

APEC will capitalize on the opportunity of the Lima meetings this year to push forward the FTAAP process in a comprehensive and systemic way. The process of FTAAP shall serve as a rebuff to anti-globalization and a toolkit to strengthen Asia-Pacific regional integration. On the one hand, FTAAP, being highly inclusive, can embrace economies at different levels of development and fully accommodate their development needs and comfortability, and once established, will deliver economic gains dwarfing any existing regional FTAs. On the other hand, FTAAP will chart the course of integrating various trade arrangements in the region, meeting the challenge of the fragmentation in regional cooperation, and furthering the regional economic integration in the Asia-Pacific.

面對(duì)2016年全球貿(mào)易增速可能降至2008年金融危機(jī)以來最低的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，亞太各方高度期待建設(shè)亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)對(duì)保經(jīng)濟(jì)、穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)的重要意義。國(guó)際知名智庫(kù)近期對(duì)亞太主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人的訪問調(diào)查顯示，80%的受訪者都強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)推動(dòng)亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)安排早日破局，助力亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)脫困。

In face of the grim situation that the growth of global trade in 2016 may drop to a new low since the 2008 financial crisis, various parties in the Asia-Pacific hold high expectations on the significance of FTAAP to maintain the economic development and steady economic growth. A recent survey by an internationally renowned think-tank among relevant leaders of major economies in the Asia-Pacific region has shown that 80% of the surveyed maintained that the FTAAP should be initiated as early as possible so as to help lift the Asia-Pacific economy out of difficulties

隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與融合，實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的途徑早已不限于貿(mào)易投資自由化便利化，互聯(lián)互通已成為另一重要抓手。中國(guó)人常說，要想富，先修路。這充分說明了互聯(lián)互通對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和促進(jìn)貿(mào)易能力的意義。

Along with the world economic development and convergence, approaches to regional economic integration are no longer limited to trade and investment liberalization and facilitation. Connectivity has become another key driver. As a Chinese saying goes, build road first if you want to become rich. This suffices to illustrate the significance of connectivity to economic development and trade promotion.

2014年，APEC北京會(huì)議通過了十年期亞太互聯(lián)互通藍(lán)圖，確立了實(shí)現(xiàn)無縫、全面聯(lián)接和融合亞太的愿景目標(biāo)。目前藍(lán)圖落實(shí)全面推進(jìn)，硬件、軟件和人員流動(dòng)方面均取得積極進(jìn)展。今年APEC將利用會(huì)議在拉美召開的機(jī)遇，深化太平洋兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)體的包容性參與，強(qiáng)化藍(lán)圖落實(shí)工作，拓展互聯(lián)互通合作深度和廣度。

The APEC Connectivity Blueprint for 2015-2025 adopted at the Beijing APEC Economic Leaders meeting in 2014, established the visionary goal of building a seamless and comprehensively connected and integrated Asia-Pacific. At present, with the implementation of the Blueprint in full swing, positive progress has been achieved in the physical, institutional and people-to-people connectivity. APEC will avail itself of the opportunity of holding the meetings in Latin America to deepen the inclusive participation by the economies along both sides of the Pacific to strengthen the implementation of the Blueprint and beef up connectivity cooperation in depth and breadth.

我們有理由相信，亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的巨輪，一定能行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)，駛向亞太共同發(fā)展、繁榮、進(jìn)步的彼岸。中國(guó)愿同各成員一起，為打造開放型亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展、繁榮和進(jìn)步的“亞太夢(mèng)”貢獻(xiàn)力量。

We have reasons to believe that the flagship of the Asia-Pacific economic integration will embark on a course of smooth sailing towards common development, prosperity and progress of the Asia-Pacific. China stands ready to work together with various parties concerned and will contribute its share to the building of an open Asia-Pacific economy, and the realization of the “Asia-Pacific dream” of common development, prosperity and progress.