tummy? Tammy Tommy Betty? tatami(Japanese word? meaning 'mat')

In Unit Eight we looked at the differences between and? (bat/bet). In this Unit, we will review and practice those sounds as well as contrasting them with three others: . The first of these two are common English sounds found in words such as but and caught (some English dialects will distinguish the difference between caught and cot; this workbook does not). The third one, /a/, is usually found in borrowed words from other languages such as Paris (/pari/) and Japanese words like sake (rice wine /sake/) (English does have /a/, but it is found in the diphthong /ay/ or ). North American native-English speakers will often substitute other vowels for /a/. For example, the Japanese city of Yokohama might be pronounced? ; sayonara (Japanese for 'goodbye') ;and Paris? .

在第八單元（請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊查看）我們區(qū)分了和的區(qū)別。在本單元，我們將復(fù)習(xí)回顧這兩個(gè)音，另外還會(huì)和其他的三個(gè)音相比較。這三個(gè)音中前兩個(gè)是很常見的，可以在but和caught這樣的單詞中碰到（一些英語(yǔ)發(fā)言中會(huì)區(qū)分caught和cot的區(qū)別，本材料中不作區(qū)別）。第三個(gè)音/a/通常在從其他語(yǔ)言中借來(lái)的外來(lái)語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)，比如Paris (/pari/)和日語(yǔ)詞，表示米酒的sake/sake/（英語(yǔ)中沒有/a/，但是雙音節(jié)中會(huì)有的，比如/ay/或/aI/中）。北美地區(qū)英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人經(jīng)常將/a/標(biāo)記成其他元音，比如日本城市橫濱（Yokohama），可能會(huì)被讀成；日語(yǔ)中表示“再見”的sayonara，就被標(biāo)記成，還有巴黎Paris 。

Most languages have the /a/ vowel, and often a non-native speaker of English will substitute it for . So, an English learner might say the word batter as , but a native speaker. This difference usually doesn't cause any problems in comprehension for the listener unless there is a confusion with another word such as butter . In other words, a learner should realize that there might be some confusion between words such as bat, but, and bought if care is not taken. In the vowel chart below, the proximity of these vowels can be seen:

大部分語(yǔ)言中都有/a/的音，通常母語(yǔ)非英語(yǔ)的人會(huì)把這個(gè)音發(fā)成。因此，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者可能會(huì)把batter讀成，而一位母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的人則會(huì)讀成。這種差別通常不會(huì)造成理解問(wèn)題，除非還有另外一個(gè)詞butter。也就是說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該意識(shí)到像bat, but和bought這樣的詞如果不注意區(qū)分差別是可能會(huì)引起理解上的問(wèn)題的。這些近似的發(fā)音都可以從下面的表格中找到：

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