初中英語八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)
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六、過去完成時(shí):
概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
時(shí)間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑問句:had放于句首。
七、一般將來時(shí):
概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①am/is/are?+ not going to; ②will/shall +not +行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、過去將來時(shí):
概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
時(shí)間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
Ⅱ.幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
英語中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見的轉(zhuǎn)換形式:
一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ ago”的一般過去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞及短語,與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間+ since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。請看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum!意為“我就來,媽媽!”請看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+動詞原形”與“will(shall)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
“be going to+動詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來時(shí)“will(shall)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語中,當(dāng)主語為第一人稱時(shí),常用助動詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will。請看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
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