初中英語(yǔ)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法講解
(一)定義:過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。
(二)結(jié)構(gòu) was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞)
(三)用法
1、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?br>
What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來(lái),受傷了?!?br>
It was raining when they left the station.他們離開(kāi)車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候,陽(yáng)光燦爛。
2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示。如:
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么? (介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
3.在復(fù)合句中,如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的,那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如:
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報(bào)。 (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
典型例題:
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
都強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事 進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程,不一定完成 過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)事件,一定完成 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了 如:He played when I was studying.
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí),兩者都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去時(shí)間完成的動(dòng)作?例如:
I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信?(可能沒(méi)打完)
I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信?(已經(jīng)打完)
1、一般過(guò)時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給朋友寫了封信。 (信寫完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完)
2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作,而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。
She waved to me. 她朝我揮了揮手。
3、句中有a moment ago之類的短語(yǔ)一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之類的狀語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動(dòng)作:
I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟湯姆聊天來(lái)著。
這里的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)給人的印象是這一動(dòng)作既不特殊,也不引人注目。它同時(shí)還傾向于解除主語(yǔ)對(duì)于這一動(dòng)作所負(fù)的責(zé)任。句中誰(shuí)先開(kāi)口說(shuō)話既不清楚,也無(wú)關(guān)緊要。要注意它與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的差異:
注意:進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)只用于表示顯然是連續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作。如果把動(dòng)作分割開(kāi),或者說(shuō)出其發(fā)生的次數(shù),就必須用一般過(guò)去時(shí):I talked to Tom several times. 我跟湯姆談過(guò)幾次話。
Tom washed both cars. 湯姆把兩輛汽車都洗了。
當(dāng)然,看來(lái)是并行的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可以都用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示:
Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.一點(diǎn)到兩點(diǎn)之間我在購(gòu)物、遛狗。
這樣用的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)通常和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如 today,last night,in the afternoon連用。這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以看做是表示某一時(shí)刻,也可以看做是表示某一段時(shí)間。如上面例句所示,某一段時(shí)間也可以用確切的時(shí)間來(lái)表示。
如想問(wèn)起一段時(shí)間怎樣度過(guò)時(shí),用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)要用比一般過(guò)去時(shí)顯得有禮貌:
What were you doing before you came here?(你來(lái)這里之前做什么工作?)要比 What did you do be- fore you came here?聽(tīng)起來(lái)有禮貌。
另一方面, What were you doing in my room?(你在我的房間里干什么來(lái)著?)可能表示這樣一種情感:我認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有權(quán)利在我的屋子里。但 What did you do in my room?卻毫無(wú)這種含義。
不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
感官動(dòng)詞:hear,see,notice,feel,taste…… 表示態(tài)度感情的動(dòng)詞:like,love,hate……
表心理狀態(tài):feel,want,prefer…… 表占有:own,have,……
表存在狀態(tài)和持續(xù):look,owe,be……
when 和while的用法區(qū)別
兩者的區(qū)別如下:
①when是at or during the time that, 既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指一段時(shí)間;
while是during the time that,只指一段時(shí)間,因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
②when 說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí),也可以是先后發(fā)生;while 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
③由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,多用while引導(dǎo),如:
a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí),則為:
While we were talking, the teacher came in.