?過去完成時(shí)由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語。

We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.

?

過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有以下三種形式：

(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had been done +其他成分

(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had not been done +其他成分

(3)疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：had +主語+ been done +其他成分;

疑問詞+ had +主語+ been done +其他成分

?

過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于以下情況：

(1)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與by, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。

By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.

The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.

How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?

Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?

(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，若表示過去某一被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，用過去完成時(shí)。

The said the production costs had been reduced.

The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.

The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.

(3)根據(jù)語意可以判斷出動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用過去完成時(shí)。

As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.

He did what he had been told to

另：當(dāng)從句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)，主句和從句都可以用一般過去時(shí)。

When he arrived, he called her.

They locked the door before they left.