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The third theory: human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is ___(填空不寫)in the long historical perspective.?

In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contains superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization.
第三個(gè)歷史理論同上述兩個(gè)理論在某種程度上是不謀而合的。根據(jù)這一理論---通常稱為螺旋歷史觀，雖然人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展階段是不斷循環(huán)重復(fù)的，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的歷史角度來(lái)看其總體進(jìn)步是顯而易見(jiàn)的。第三個(gè)歷史理論支持第二個(gè)歷史理論所主張的觀點(diǎn)，即文明會(huì)經(jīng)歷興衰，但是它還認(rèn)為新的文明往往會(huì)征服最初文明并將其取而代之。由于新的文明具備更好的條件使它能夠發(fā)展到一個(gè)更高級(jí)的階段。然而這個(gè)文明仍會(huì)繼續(xù)向前發(fā)展直到它衰敗，再被更優(yōu)越的第三種文明取而代之。 翻譯by sugarle